Branchiomeric CN Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem nuclei organized in columns

A

Brainstem nuclei are named to 1 category*

(Nerves can be 3 or 4—easier to name the nucleus than the nerve)

GSE occupies most central area

GSA occupies most lateral area

Visceral occupy the area between

  • Special Visceral aren’t really visceral, column occupies a ventrolateral area in brainstem
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2
Q

“SVE” nuclei will innervate skeletal muscle derived from pharyngeal arches

A
Motor Nucleus of V
Muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
Facial Motor Nucleus
Muscles of facial expression, stapedius
Nucleus Ambiguus
Upper esophagus, pharynx, larynx, stylopharyngeus
Spinal Accessory Nucleus
Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid
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3
Q

Reflex pathways vs. voluntary movement

A
Reflex pathways of the SVE’s
Jaw jerk
Corneal blink
Gag
Mastication and Glutination

Voluntary pathways:
Corticobulbar

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4
Q

Jaw-jerk reflex.

A

UMN damage elicits a strong jaw-jerk, otherwise it is subtle

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5
Q

Gag and cough reflexes

A

gag- in by IX out by X

cough- in by X out by X

CN IX also involved in earlier swallowing, using stylopharyngeus

people with schizophrenia often don’t have a gag reflex

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6
Q

Activation of the upper esophagus from the nucleus ambiguus is

A

sequential and topographic

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7
Q

Mastication Networks

A

There is a central pattern generator (CPG) controlling rhythmic jaw movements between 3 Nuclei:
Motor Nucleus of V
Motor Nucleus of VII
Hypoglossal Nucleus

The “generator”/coordinator centers are in the reticular formation

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8
Q

Deglutition Networks

A
Involves both sensory feedback and motor control: 5 different cranial nerves involved
4 Afferents (CN V, VII, IX, X)
5 Efferents (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)
4 Phases
Oral Preparatory Phase
Oral Transport Phase
Pharyngeal Phase
Esophageal Phase

Note: During a normal swallow, respiration must be temporarily halted, (deglutition apnea). Exhalation also typically occurs immediately before and after the swallow to prevent accidental inhalation of any bolus remnants.

Successful feeding also requires effective coughing and intact upper airway reflexes, which includes: gagging, vomiting, chewing

*Any kind of neurodegeneration that can effect any of these pathways can lead to DYSPHAGIA

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9
Q

Nerves, nuclei and their connections in the swallowing pathways

A
4 Afferents (CN V, VII, IX, X)
Mesencephalic Nuc of V
Main Sensory Nuc of V
Semilunar Ganglion
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Inferior Ganglion of IX
Inferior Ganglion of X
5 Efferents (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)
Motor Nuc of V
Motor Nuc of VII
Nucleus Ambiguus
Hypoglossal Nuc

A CPG exists in the swallowing network too!

Controlled by Nucleus of the Solitary Tract and Nucleus Ambiguus

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