Branchial Arches

Question 1

Pnemonic for remembering branchail arch derivatives

Answer 1

At the restaurant of the golden arches, children CHEW (1), SMILE (2), SWALLOW STYLishyly (3), or SIMPLY SWALLOW (4) and then SPEAK (6)

Question 2

1st branchial arch derivative: cartilage, muscle, nerve, congenital disorders

Answer 2

Cartilage: Meckel’s cartilage: malleus, spheno-mandibular ligament, mandible, incus. Muscles: MAST MATT (medial and lateral pterygoids, temporalis, masster / Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani) Nerves: v2 and V3, Congenital: Treachers-Collins syndrome: mandibular hypoplasia with facial abnormalities

Question 3

2nd branchial arch derivative: cartilage, muscle, nerve, congenital disorders

Answer 3

Cartilage: Reichert cartilage: Stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament Muscles: Stapedius, stylohyoid, platySma, belly of digastric. Nerves: Facial 7 SMILE. CONGENITAL: congential pharygocutaneous fistula: persistence of cleft and pouch -> fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck

Question 4

3rd branchial arch derivative: cartilage, muscle, nerve, congenital disorders

Answer 4

Cartilage: greater horn of hyoid. Muscles: stylopharyngeus Nerve: glossopharyngeus

Question 5

4th - 6th branchial arch derivative: cartilage, muscle, nerve, congenital disorders

Answer 5

Cartilage: thryoid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform. Muscles: 4th arch - most of the pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini; 6th arch - muscles of layrnx except cricothyroid. Nerves: 4th arch - CN X (superior laryngeal) 6th arch - CN X (recurrent layrgenal). Arches 3 and 4 form the posterior tongue. 5th arch doens’t contirubte much