Branches of Government

Question 1

cloture

Answer 1

procedure used in Senate to terminate debate (especially filibusters)

requires three-fifths majority

limits Senator to 1 more hour of debate after passing of vote

Question 2

judicial review

Answer 2

process wherein courts determine constitutionality of laws

Question 3

passport

Answer 3

document issued to citizen of country which allows traveling abroad and reentry to home country

Question 4

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 4

President Adams attempted to stack courts in favor of the Federalists before inauguration of President Jefferson who directed his Secretary of State (Madison) to withhold commission from Adam’s appointee (Marbury)

Supreme Court ruled that Judiciary Act of 1789 was “unconstitutional” and thus established the power of judicial review (Madison)

Question 5

impeachment

Answer 5

formal charge of a public official for misconduct in office by House of Representatives

leads to formal trial in Senate where two-thirds majority is needed for removal from office

Question 6

appellate jurisdiction

Answer 6

authority of court to review decisions made by lower courts

Question 7

filibuster

Answer 7

lengthy speech designed to delay or kill vote on bill

only used in Senate

Question 8

original jurisdiction

Answer 8

authority of court to rule on cases that are being heard for first time

Question 9

appropriation

Answer 9

bill that sets aside money for specific federal agencies or programs

Question 10

dissenting opinion

Answer 10

statement written by justice who disagrees with the majority opinion

mostly symbolic

Question 11

precedent

Answer 11

example that may serve as basis for imitation or later action

able to be overturned by Supreme Court

Question 12

majority opinion

Answer 12

statement written by justice who agrees with majority opinion

gives reasons behind ruling

sets precedent for future rulings

Question 13

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 13

states that Congress has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government

increased the power of the national government

Question 14

10^th Amendment

Answer 14

states that all powers not given to the national government in the Constitution are reserved for the states

increased the power of state governments

Question 15

War Powers Act (1973)

Answer 15

states that President must notify Congress with 48 hours of sending troops into imminent hostilities

gives President 60 days to remove troops from imminent hostilities without Congress’s approval

Question 16

house in which leadership is most important

Answer 16

House of Representatives

Question 17

bill-to-law process

Answer 17

drafting

committee vote

house floor vote

senate floor vote

presidential approval

Question 18

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 18

26^th president of United States

created image of modern presidency

commissioned the Panama Canal

created the national parks through executive orders

Question 19

John Marshall

Answer 19

former Chief Justice of Supreme Court

made historic ruling on Marbury v. Madison which gave Supreme Court power of judicial review

Question 20

John Roberts

Answer 20

current Chief Justice of Supreme Court

appointed by George W. Bush

Question 21

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 21

16^th president of United States

provided roots for leadership of current Republican Party

Question 22

Andrew Jackson

Answer 22

7^th president of United States

founder the current Democratic Party

Question 23

Franklin Roosevelt

Answer 23

32^nd president of United States

helped revolutionize government’s involvement in economy during Great Depression

served 4 consecutive terms as president