Brainstem IDs Flashcards
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Rostral Midbrain
A: Cerebral peduncle - descending cortical axons
B1: medial lemniscus - contra discrim. touch
B2: spinothalamic tract - contra body pain/temp
C: cerebral aqueduct
D: periaqueductal gray - modulation of pain, gives rise to reticulospinal pathways
E: Superior colliculus - visuomotor, gives rise to tectospinal pathways
F: oculomotor complex & edinger-westphal - somatomotor to eye, pupil constrictor/ciliary muscles (CN III)
G: red nucleus - corticocerebellar inputs, gives rise to rubrospinal pathway
H: rootlets for oculomotor nerve (CN III)
I: substantia nigra
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Caudal Midbrain
A: cerebral peduncle - descending corticos
B1: medial lemniscus - contra discrim. touch
B2: spinothalamic tract - contra body pain/temp
C: cerebral aqueduct
D: medial longitudinal fasciculus - coordination of eye movements
E: periaqueductal gray - modulation of pain, gives rise to the reticulospinal pathway
F: inferior colliculus - ascending auditory pathways, inputs from superior olive and cochlear nucleus
G: superior cerebellar peduncle - cerebellar output
H: substantia nigra
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Middle Pons
A: descending cortical axons
B: sensory nucleus V (Chief sensory V) - discriminative touch of ipsi face (CN V)
C1: medial lemniscus
C2: spinothalamic
D: 4th ventricle
Arrow of D: medial longitudinal fasciculus - coordination of eye movements
E: motor nucleus of V - branchial motor (mastication, middle ear)
F: pontine gray - all cell bodies in basal pons, axons go to contra cerebellum via middle cerebellar peduncle
G: middle cerebellar peduncle - axons entering from contra pontine gray
H: trigeminal nerve (V)
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Caudal Pons
A: descending cortical axons
B: spinal nucleus V - pain/temp from ipsi face (laterally bordered by spinal tract V)
C1: medial lemniscus
C2: spinothalamic
D (letter): 4th ventricle
D (arrow): medial longitudinal fasciculus - coordination of eye movements
E: abducens nucleus - somatomotor (lateral rectus) CN VI
F: facial nucleus - motor nucleus of CN VII, branchial motor to muscles of facial expression
G: pontine gray
H: middle cerebellar peduncle - axons entering from contra pontine gray
I: superior olive - part of ascending auditory pathway
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Rostral Medulla
A: pyramid - descending cortical axons (have not crossed yet)
B: spinal nucleus/tract V - pain//temp from ipsi face
C: dorsal spinocerebellar tract - unconscious proprioception from body, entering inferior cerebellar peduncle
D: spinothalamic tract
E: medial lemniscus
F (letter): 4th ventricle
F (arrow): medial longitudinal fasciculus
G: hypoglossal nucleus (CN XII)
H: dorsal motor nucleus X - pre-gang. parasympathetics to thoracic/abdominal viscera
I: solitary tract/nucleus - viscerosensory, CN IX, X
J: nucleus ambiguus - branchial motor for IX, X, XI, muscle of palate, pharynx, larynx, esophagus
K: inferior olive
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Caudal medulla
A: pyramid - descending, uncrossed cortical axons
B: funiculus/nucleus gracilus
C: funiculus/nucleus cuneatus
White lines indicate that axons from nucleus gracilus/cuneatus cross midline
D: spinal nucleus/tract V - pain/temp from ipsi face
E: dorsal spinocerebellar tract - unconscious proprioception from ipsilateral body
F: spinothalamic tract
G: medial lemniscus
What level of the brainstem is this?
Identify each letter and function of each (if applicable).
Medulla/Spinal Cord Transition
A: Pyramid - crossing corticospinals (pyramidal decussation)
B: lateral corticospinal tract - fine motor movements
C: funiculus/nucleus gracilus
D: funiculus/nucleus cuneatus
E: spinal nucleus V - pain/temp from ipsi face
F: dorsal spinocerebellar tract - unconsious proprioception from ipsi body
G: spinothalamic tract
