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BRS - Neurology and neuroscience > Brainstem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

3 cerebellar peduncles

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2
Q

The brainstem contains nuclei of which cranial nerves?

A

3-12 excluding 11

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3
Q

Roof of brainstem?

A

Tectum

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4
Q

Anterior to tectum?

A

Tegmentum

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5
Q

List the parts of the posterior aspect of the brainstem

A

Pineal gland
Superior and inferior colliculus
Trochlear nerve
Dorsal columns

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6
Q

List the parts of the anterior aspect of the brainstem

A 
Mammillary body 
Pituitary stalk 
Cerebral peduncle 
Optic chiasm 
Medullary pyramids 
Pyramidal decussation
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7
Q

Which tracts do the cerebral peduncles contain?

A

Descending tracts (corticospinal and corticobulbar)

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8
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge at the midbrain?

A

Cranial nerves 3 and 4

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9
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge at the pons?

A

5, 6, 7 and 8; emerge from pontine nuclei, transverse fibres and descending pathway.

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10
Q

Which part of the ventricular system is visible in a cross section at the level of the midbrain?

A

Aqueduct

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11
Q

What are the superior and inferior colliculi associated with resepctively?

A

Visual and auditory pathways

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12
Q

Which ventricle and peduncle can be seen at the pons level?

A

Fourth ventricle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

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13
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge at the medulla?

A

9, 10 and 12

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14
Q

Which nucleus can be seen at the level of the open medulla (upper)?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus; 4th ventricle can also be seen

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15
Q

At which levels are the 4th ventricle not visible?

A

Closed (lower) medulla and midbrain

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16
Q

What can be seen at the level of the closed/lower medulla?

A

Central canal, dorsal columns, decussation of pyramids

17
Q

Which motor pathway has fibres which cross at the medulla?

A

Corticospinal

18
Q

What are the 2 arterial systems that cover the brainstem?

A

Anterior derived from the internal carotid system

Posterior derived from the vertebrobasilar system.

19
Q

List all the efferent motor nuclei in the brainstem.

A

Oculomotor nerve nuclei

Nucleus of trochlear nerve

Motor nucleus of V

Nucleus of abducens nerve

Facial nuclues

Salivary nuclei

Nucleus ambiguous

Dorsal vagal nucleus

Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve

Spinal nucleus of accessory nerve

20
Q

List all the afferent sensory nuclei of the brainstem.

A 
Mesencephalic nucleus of V
Chief nucleus of V
CN V
CN VI
CN VII
CN VIII
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei 
Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve 
Nucleus of solitary tract
21
Q

Define GSA

A

Fibres carry general sensation from skin, muscles, joints of head and neck

22
Q

Define GSE

A

Fibres innervate skeletal muscles

23
Q

Define GVA

A

Fibres carry sensation from viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen

24
Q

Defin GVE

A

Fibres are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurones to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera

25
Q

Define SSA

A

Fibres carry special senses of hearing and balance

26
Q

Define SVA

A

Fibres carry taste sensation

27
Q

Define SVE

A

Innervate skeletal muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx

28
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN III

A

Oculomotor - GSE - Motor to levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique

Edinger-Westphal - GVE - Parasympathetic motor to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscles for accomodation

29
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN IV

A

Trochlear - GSE - Motor to superior oblique

30
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN V

A

Mesencephalic - GSA - Proprioception from muscles of mastication

Chief nucleus - GSA - Discriminative touch and vibration from head

Spinal nucleus - GSA - Pain and temperature from the head

Motor nucleus - SVE - Motor to muscle of mastication

31
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN VI

A

Abducens - GSE - Motor to lateral rectus

32
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN VII

A

Facial - SVE - Motor to muscles of facial expression

Chief nucleus - GSA - Sensory from external auditory meatus and skin posterior to ear

Superior salivatory nucleus - GVE - Parasympathetic motor to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands and mucous glands of mouth and nose

Nucleus solitarius - SVA - Taste from anterior 2/3 tongue

33
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN VIII

A

Vestibular - SSA - Balance

Cochlear - SSA - Hearing

34
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nucleus - GSE - Motor to hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus and all intrinsic muscles of the tongue

35
Q

Nuclei and functions of CN IX

A

Spinal - GSA - General sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsil, skin of external, internal surface of tympanic membrane, pharynx

Nucleus solitarius - GVA - Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the carotid body, visceral afferent information from tongue and pharynx

Nucleus solitarius - SVA - Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

Nucleus ambiguous - SVE - Motor to stylopharyngeus

Inferior salivatory nucleus - GVE - Parasympathetic motor to parotid gland

BRS - Neurology and neuroscience (11 decks)

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