Brainstem Flashcards
What CNs have midline motor nuclei?
3, 4, 6, 12
CNs that divide into 12
In regards to Benedikt Syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?
1) CN 3
2) ML
3) Red nucleus
Lateral Pontine syndrome affects what structures?
1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Spinothalamic tract
3) Spinal V nucleus
4) Sympathetic tract
5) Facial nucleus
6) Cochlear nuclei
What is the red nucleus important for?
Fine tuning of movements
What artery causes most of the Lateral strokes in the medulla?
PICA
What does damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus result in?
Problems with ipsilateral lateral gaze (internuclear ophthalmoplegia)
What are the four lateral (side) columns?
1) Sympathetic
2) Spinothalamic
3) Sensory of CN 5
4) Spinocerebellar
(All start with S)
Damage to CN3 leads to?
Oculomotor palsy (gaze down/out and pupil dilated)
What can cause both non-communicating hydrocephalus along with Parinaud’s syndrome?
Pineal tumor
Damage to ML leads to?
Contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration
What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the medulla?
ASA
Damage to hypothalamospinal tract will lead to?
Horner’s
What happens if there is a lesion in CN 6?
Lateral eye movement loss
Damage to cochlear nuclei leads to?
1) Deafness
Damage to CN 8 leads to?
Hearing loss
Medial Pontine syndrome affects what structures?
1) Corticospinal tract
2) CN 6
3) CN 7
What can cause Lateral Pontine syndrome?
AICA stroke
What does the cerebral peduncle carry?
Damage to this area will cause what?
1) Motor fibers
2) Upper motor neuron paralysis of the face and LE
What CN’s share Nucleus Ambiguus?
CN 9, 10, 11
What can cause Lateral medullary syndrome?
PICA stroke
What happens if there is a lesion in CN 8?
Hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
What happens if there is a lesion in CN 7?
Facial droop and loss of corneal reflex
Damage to corticobulbar tract leads to?
Pseudobulbar palsy
Damage to sensory nucleus of CN 5 leads to?
Ipsilateral pain/temp loss in face
Lesion at CN 12 will result in what?
Flaccid paralysis of tongue with deviation to side of lesion
What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the Pons?
Basilar
What type of information does the hypothalamospinal tract carry?
Sympathetic nerve fibers from thalamus
What can cause medial medullary syndrome?
Anterior spinal artery stroke
Damage to spinal V nucleus leads to?
Loss of ipsilateral pain/temp of face
Medial medullary syndrome affects what structures?
1) Corticospinal
2) ML
3) CN 12
Damage to red nucleus leads to?
Tremor and ataxia
What artery causes most of the lateral strokes in the Pons?
AICA
Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) affects what structures?
1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Sympathetic tract
3) Spinothalamic tract
4) SPinal V nucleus
5) Nucleus ambiguus
Damage to spinothalamic tract leads to?
Loss of contralateral pain/temp of body
What happens if there is a lesion at spinal trigeminal nucleus carry?
Loss of pain and temperature sensations to the face
Damage to spinocerebellar leads to?
Ipsilateral ataxia
What CNs have lateral motor nuclei?
5, 7, 9, 11
CNs that don’t divide into 12
What does medial lemniscus carry?
Proprioception and vibration
In regards to Parinaud’s syndrome, which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what structures are affected?
1) Superior colliculus
2) Pretectal area
What artery causes most of the strokes in the midbrain?
PCA
In regards to Weber’s syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?
1) CN 3
2) Corticospinal tract
3) Corticobulbar tract
Damage to sympathetic tract leads to?
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
What does spinothalamic tract carry?
Pain and temperature
Damage to superior colliculus and pretectal area leads to?
Vertical gaze palsy (can’t look up)
What is pseudobulbar palsy?
1) UMN cranial nerve motor weakness
2) Exaggerated gag reflex
3) Tongue spastic
4) Spastic dysarthria
Damage to nucleus ambiguus leads to?
Hoarseness and dysphagia
What type of information goes to nucleus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve?
Autonomic sensory
Damage to corticospinal tract leads to?
Contralateral hemiparesis (upper motor neuron paralysis)
What are the four midline columns?
1) Motor nucleus
2) Motor pathway (corticospinal tract)
3) MLF
4) ML
(All start with M)
