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Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What CNs have midline motor nuclei?

A

3, 4, 6, 12

CNs that divide into 12

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2
Q

In regards to Benedikt Syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?

A

1) CN 3
2) ML
3) Red nucleus

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3
Q

Lateral Pontine syndrome affects what structures?

A

1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Spinothalamic tract
3) Spinal V nucleus
4) Sympathetic tract
5) Facial nucleus
6) Cochlear nuclei

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4
Q

What is the red nucleus important for?

A

Fine tuning of movements

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5
Q

What artery causes most of the Lateral strokes in the medulla?

A

PICA

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6
Q

What does damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus result in?

A

Problems with ipsilateral lateral gaze (internuclear ophthalmoplegia)

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7
Q

What are the four lateral (side) columns?

A

1) Sympathetic
2) Spinothalamic
3) Sensory of CN 5
4) Spinocerebellar

(All start with S)

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8
Q

Damage to CN3 leads to?

A

Oculomotor palsy (gaze down/out and pupil dilated)

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9
Q

What can cause both non-communicating hydrocephalus along with Parinaud’s syndrome?

A

Pineal tumor

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10
Q

Damage to ML leads to?

A

Contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration

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11
Q

What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the medulla?

A

ASA

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12
Q

Damage to hypothalamospinal tract will lead to?

A

Horner’s

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13
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 6?

A

Lateral eye movement loss

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14
Q

Damage to cochlear nuclei leads to?

A

1) Deafness

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15
Q

Damage to CN 8 leads to?

A

Hearing loss

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16
Q

Medial Pontine syndrome affects what structures?

A

1) Corticospinal tract
2) CN 6
3) CN 7

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17
Q

What can cause Lateral Pontine syndrome?

A

AICA stroke

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18
Q

What does the cerebral peduncle carry?

Damage to this area will cause what?

A

1) Motor fibers

2) Upper motor neuron paralysis of the face and LE

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19
Q

What CN’s share Nucleus Ambiguus?

A

CN 9, 10, 11

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20
Q

What can cause Lateral medullary syndrome?

A

PICA stroke

21
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 8?

A

Hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus

22
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 7?

A

Facial droop and loss of corneal reflex

23
Q

Damage to corticobulbar tract leads to?

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

24
Q

Damage to sensory nucleus of CN 5 leads to?

A

Ipsilateral pain/temp loss in face

25
Q

Lesion at CN 12 will result in what?

A

Flaccid paralysis of tongue with deviation to side of lesion

26
Q

What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the Pons?

A

Basilar

27
Q

What type of information does the hypothalamospinal tract carry?

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers from thalamus

28
Q

What can cause medial medullary syndrome?

A

Anterior spinal artery stroke

29
Q

Damage to spinal V nucleus leads to?

A

Loss of ipsilateral pain/temp of face

30
Q

Medial medullary syndrome affects what structures?

A

1) Corticospinal
2) ML
3) CN 12

31
Q

Damage to red nucleus leads to?

A

Tremor and ataxia

32
Q

What artery causes most of the lateral strokes in the Pons?

A

AICA

33
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg’s Syndrome) affects what structures?

A

1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Sympathetic tract
3) Spinothalamic tract
4) SPinal V nucleus
5) Nucleus ambiguus

34
Q

Damage to spinothalamic tract leads to?

A

Loss of contralateral pain/temp of body

35
Q

What happens if there is a lesion at spinal trigeminal nucleus carry?

A

Loss of pain and temperature sensations to the face

36
Q

Damage to spinocerebellar leads to?

A

Ipsilateral ataxia

37
Q

What CNs have lateral motor nuclei?

A

5, 7, 9, 11

CNs that don’t divide into 12

38
Q

What does medial lemniscus carry?

A

Proprioception and vibration

39
Q

In regards to Parinaud’s syndrome, which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what structures are affected?

A

1) Superior colliculus

2) Pretectal area

40
Q

What artery causes most of the strokes in the midbrain?

A

PCA

41
Q

In regards to Weber’s syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?

A

1) CN 3
2) Corticospinal tract
3) Corticobulbar tract

42
Q

Damage to sympathetic tract leads to?

A

Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

43
Q

What does spinothalamic tract carry?

A

Pain and temperature

44
Q

Damage to superior colliculus and pretectal area leads to?

A

Vertical gaze palsy (can’t look up)

45
Q

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

A

1) UMN cranial nerve motor weakness
2) Exaggerated gag reflex
3) Tongue spastic
4) Spastic dysarthria

46
Q

Damage to nucleus ambiguus leads to?

A

Hoarseness and dysphagia

47
Q

What type of information goes to nucleus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve?

A

Autonomic sensory

48
Q

Damage to corticospinal tract leads to?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis (upper motor neuron paralysis)

49
Q

What are the four midline columns?

A

1) Motor nucleus
2) Motor pathway (corticospinal tract)
3) MLF
4) ML

(All start with M)

Neuro videos (8 decks)

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