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Brain and Behavior > Brainstem 2: Nuclear Organization > Flashcards

Brainstem 2: Nuclear Organization Flashcards

It's a goddamn mess in there. Since the names for nerve fibers (GSE, etc.) are worthless, I'm substituting them with made-up mnemonic ones. They weren't emphasized, but knowing them helps some of the diagrams make sense.

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1
Q

What’s the sulcus limitans? Where is it in embryo vs. spinal cord vs. brainstem?

A

Sulcus limitans divides sensory from motor. Embryo: dorsal-ventral midpoint, such that sensory in dorsal
Spinal cord: same-ish as in embryo.
Brain stem: Between sensory (lateral) and motor (medial)
(Imagine cutting the dorsal side and opening it like a hot dog bun.)

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2
Q

In GSE, GSA, etc. fibers, what do the “E” and “A” stand for?

A

E: efferent (i.e. motor)
A: afferent (i.e. sensory)

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3
Q

What info do GSE fibers carry? Motor or sensory?

A

Motor -> non-pharyngeal arch skeletal muscle.
Mnemonic: “Garden-variety Skeletal Efferent”
(it really stands for “General Somatic Efferent”, but that’s a shitty name)

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4
Q

What info do GVE fibers carry? Motor or sensory?

A

Motor, parasympathetics

Mnemoic: “Gut, vasculature, efferent”

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5
Q

What info do SVE fibers carry? Motor or sensory?

A

Motor -> pharyngeal arch-derived muscle

“Skeletal muscle of Vestigial Embryology”

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6
Q

What info do GSA fibers carry? Motor or sensory?

A

Touch, pain, proprioception.

“Groping, Stability, Agony”

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7
Q

What info do GVA fibers carry? Motor or sensory?

A

Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors

“Gases in Veins and Arteries”

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8
Q

What info do SVA fibers carry?

A

Taste and olfactory.

“Succulent, Volatile Afferents”

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9
Q

What info do SSA fibers carry?

A

Auditory, visual, vestibular receptors

“Sights, Sounds, Angle (of head)”

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10
Q

Line up the types of muscle fibers (GSE, etc) medial to lateral how they are arranged in the brain stem!

A

GSE, GVE, SVE, (Sulcus Limitans) SVA/GVA, SSA, GSA

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11
Q

What CNs have GSE nuclei? Where are they? (Midbrain, pons, or medulla)

A

III (midbrain), IV (midbrain), VI (pons), XII (medulla)

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12
Q

What do crossing LMNs that move the eye have in common?

A

They elevate or depress the eye.

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13
Q

What’s the Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal? CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CN III GVE (parasympathetic) nucleus -> pupil constriction, near response.
Located in the midbrain.

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14
Q

What’s the Superior Salivatory Nucleus: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CN VII, GVE (parasymp) -> lacrimation (and lots of other face juices).
Located in the pons.

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15
Q

What’s the Inferior Salivatory Nucleus: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CN IX, GVE (parasymps) -> parotid gland.

Located in the medulla

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16
Q

What’s the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X: Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

GVE (parasymps) -> gut (also thoracic and other abdominal viscera?)
Located in the medulla.

17
Q

What’s the motor nucleus of V: Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

SVE motor -> muscles of mastication. Located in the pons.

18
Q

What’s the motor nucleus of VII: Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

SVE motor -> muscles of facial expression

Located in the pons.

19
Q

What’s interesting about the path that axons coming from the motor nucleus of VII take? Bonus: what direction does this take them?

A

They wrap around the abducens nucleus before leaving the pons. The abducens nucleus is rostral and medial to the motor nucleus of VII (which makes sense because GSEs are medial to SVEs).

20
Q

What’s the nucleus ambiguus: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CNs IX and X. Motor -> palate, pharynx, larynx muscle.

Located, as a big long squiggly thing, in the medulla.

21
Q

What’s the Solitary Nucleus all about: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A 
Runs length of medulla.
Two distinct functions:
VII, IX, X SVA taste fibers
IX, X GVA carotid sinus, carotid body fibers
Taste part is rostral.
Baro/chemoreception part is caudal.
22
Q

What can a bilateral lesion to the solitary nucleus cause?

A

Respiratory failure (preceded by irregular breathing)

23
Q

What’s the vestibular nucleus: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CN VIII. SSA fibers -> vestibular sytem info. Runs length of medulla with an extension into the pons.

24
Q

What’s the cochlear nucleus: CN? Fiber type? Action? Location?

A

CN VIII SSA fibers -> auditory info. Located at rostal edge of medulla, getting all up in the spinal trigeminal nucleus’ grill. (it’s more lateral that the rest of the SSA fibers)

25
Q

What will a lesion to the vestibular nucleus cause?

A

Vertigo.

26
Q

What are the 3 trigeminal nuclei? Fiber types? Locations?

A

All lateral, all GSA.
Mesencephalic - midbrain (and a tiny bit of pons)
Main / Chief / Principal: rostral pons
Spinal: medulla and pons (up until the chief nucleus)

27
Q

What function does the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus serve? Location?

A

Proprioception. In the midbrain (and a tiny bit of pons) - it’s well-named.

28
Q

What function does the main/chief/principal trigeminal nucleus serve? Location?

A

Touch. Pons.

29
Q

What purpose does the spinal trigeminal nucleus serve? Location

A

Pain and temperature. It’s in the medulla and pons.

30
Q

What’s the only ganglion inside the CNS? Info carried? Where do its axons synapse?

A

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus. Carried proprioception info, synapses with the trigeminal motor nucleus.

31
Q

What are the 3 parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (from rostral to caudal) and what are their functions?

A

Nucleus oralis - face touch
Nucleus interpolaris - tooth pulp pain
Nucleus caudalis - face pain and temp

32
Q

Describe the path of a mechanosensory trigeminal afferent from the trigeminal ganglion to the primary somatosensory cortex.

A

Enters pons, synapses in principal trigeminal nucleus, travels up medial lemniscus -> trigeminothalamic tract -> ventralposterior medial (VPM) nucleus of thalamus -> cortex

33
Q

Pain dermatomes in the face have a “onion-skin” ring pattern that corresponds to location on the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Does the center of the ring correspond to rostral or caudal?

A

Rostral is in the middle.

34
Q

Through which structure does the cerebellum send information to the cerebral cortex?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle.

35
Q

What comes into the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

“motor plan” from the motor cortex…

36
Q

What comes into the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Proprioception coming up ipsilaterally.

Brain and Behavior (47 decks)

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