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Neuro Anatomy > Brainstem 2 > Flashcards

Brainstem 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 components is the brainstem made up of?

A

Midbrain, Pons and Medulla

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2
Q

Identify which cranial fossa the brainstem lies in?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

Embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

Mesencephalon and Rhomboencephalon

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4
Q

What are the cavities (of the ventricular system) that lie within the brainstem?

A

Cerebral Aquaduct

4th Ventricle

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5
Q

Identify the groove that separates the pons from the medulla

A

Pontomedullary Junction

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6
Q

The Trigeminal nerve exits via?

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

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7
Q

Abducens nerve exits via

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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7
Q

Abducens nerve exits via

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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8
Q

Facial nerve exits via

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

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9
Q

Vestibulochlear nerve exits via

A

Internal Auditory Meatus

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10
Q

Which of the cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

A

Abducens

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11
Q

Which of the cranial nerves that emerge from the pontomedullary junction has the longest intracranial course?

A

Abducens

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12
Q

The inferior olives of the brainstem are involved in

A

Control of Movement

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13
Q

The superior olives of brainstem are involved in

A

Sound

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14
Q

The pyramids of brainstem form

A

Corticospinal Tract

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15
Q

The corticospinal tract of brainstem consists of

A

Descending Fibres

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16
Q

The decussation of the pyramids of brainstem forms

A

lateral corticospinal tract of spinal

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17
Q

Where are the open and closed parts of medulla found

A

Posteriorly

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18
Q

The open part of the medulla is found

A

Superior

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19
Q

The closed part of the medulla is found

A

Inferior

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20
Q

What structure does the “open” part of the medulla open onto?

A

4th Ventricle

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21
Q

Through which foramen does the medulla pass to become the spinal cord?

A

Foramen Magnum

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22
Q

Where is the origin of the trigeminal nerve found

A

Pons

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23
Q

What type of fibres make up the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Centripital Fibres

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24
Q

What part of the brain lies immediately superior to midbrain

A

Diencephalon

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25
Q

What part of the brain lies immediately inferior to midbrain

A

Pons

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26
Q

The cerebral peduncles - what kind of fibres make up the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for?

A

Motor destined for LMN Synapses in Spinal Cord

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27
Q

The diencephalon is made up of

A

Epithalamus , Hypothalamus and the Subthalamus and Thalamus.

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28
Q

The diencephalon lies between which two parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum and Midbrain

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29
Q

What are the surface projections visible on the surface of the hypothalamus called?

A

Mammillary Bodies

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30
Q

What is the name given to the midline structure connecting the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

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31
Q

Name the three lobes of each cerebellar hemisphere.

A

Anterior Lobe, Posterior Lobe and Flocculonodular Lobe

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32
Q

To what part(s) of the brain is it anatomically connected to by peduncles?

A

Brainstem

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33
Q

What is the name of the ventricular space that lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th Ventricle

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34
Q

Identify the foramen in the skull that the cerebellum sits above

A

Foramen Magnum

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35
Q

The part of the cerebellum that sits atop this foramen magnum is called the

A

Cerebellar Tonsils

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35
Q

The part of the cerebellum that sits atop this foramen magnum is called the

A

Cerebellar Tonsils

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36
Q

What name is given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal Fissure

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37
Q

What type of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum (e.g. association, commissural or projection fibres)?

A

Commisurral Fibres

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38
Q

Posteriorly the cerebral hemispheres sit on top of the

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

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39
Q

Which lobe has the primary motor cortex

A

frontal lobe

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40
Q

Which lobe has the primary visual cortex

A

parietal lobe

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41
Q

which lobe has the primary sensory cortex

A

occipital lobe

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42
Q

which lobe has the primary auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe

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43
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

Choroid Plexus

44
Q

Termination of Dura-Arachnoid

A

S2-3

45
Q

Termination of filum terminale:

A

Dorsal of Coccyx

46
Q

Spinal cord termination adult

A

L1/2

47
Q

Spinal cord termination newborn

A

L3

48
Q

Arachnoid Mater termination

A

S2

49
Q

What occupies the space between the end of the spinal cord and the termination of the dura and arachnoid? (Be precise and comprehensive!)

A

CSF, Cauda Equina, Filum Terminale

50
Q

At what vertebral level would you perform a lumbar puncture on an adult?

A

L3/4

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

52
Q

Upper Motor Neurone Connects

A

spinal cord and brain.

53
Q

LMN Connects

A

Spinal cord and muscles/sensory

54
Q

Is damage to the cauda equina classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?

A

LMN

55
Q

There are two paired arteries which are responsible for the blood supply to the brain what are these

A

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

56
Q

How is the basilar artery formed and which part of the brainstem is it most closely related to?

A

Pons

57
Q

Which arteries complete the posterior of the Circle of Willis by linking the internal carotid arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Posterior Communicating Arteries

58
Q

Which artery completes the anterior of the Circle of Willis by linking the anterior cerebral arteries?

A

Anterior Communicating Arteires

59
Q

Anterior cerebral artery is found in which fissure

A

longitudinal fissure

60
Q

Middle cerebral artery is found in which fissure

A

lateral sylvian fissure

61
Q

Posterior cerebral artery is found in which fissure

A

calcarine fissure

62
Q

Which cerebral artery/arteries supplies primary motor cortex

A

ACA (Superiorly) and MCA)

63
Q

Which cerebral artery/arteries supplies primary sensory area

A

MCA and ACA (Sup and Medial)

64
Q

Which cerebral artery/arteries supplies primary visual cortex

A

PCA

65
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies primary auditory area

A

MCA

66
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies area for olfaction

A

MCA

67
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies area for olfaction

A

MCA

68
Q

Which cerebral artery runs immediately superior to this?

A

Superior cerebellar arteries

69
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from just above the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Occulomotor Nerve

70
Q

Carotid sinus where is this found

A

Common carotid

71
Q

Into which vein in the neck do these dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

Jugular Vein

72
Q

Through which foramen in the skull does the vein you have named above pass?

A

Jugular Foramen

73
Q

The superior ophthalmic vein drains into the c

A

Cavernous SInus

74
Q

Which veins drain into cavernous sinus

A

Superior ophthalmic and middle cerebra

75
Q

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis results in bulgling of eyes and loss of vision why?

A

Pressure on optic chiasm

76
Q

Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?

A

Vertebral Arteries

77
Q

Branches from which arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?

A

Vertebral Arteries

78
Q

Which arteries are the posterior spinal arteries branches of?

A

Vertebral Arteries

79
Q

What fluid circulates in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

80
Q

What other structures are present in the subarachnoid space?

A

Connective Tissue and Crista Galli

81
Q

To what bony structures does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?

A

Crista Gali

82
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?

A

Inferior Sagital Sinus

83
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the lower border of the falx cerebri?

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

84
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Lower Occipital Lobe superiorly and Cerebellum inferiorly.

85
Q

To what bony points does the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A

Clinoid Processes of Sphenoid Bone

86
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri to the tentorium?

A

Straight Sinus

87
Q

What is the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres called?

A

Falx Cerebelli

88
Q

What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?

A

Diaphragma Sella

89
Q

Through which foramen in the skull does it enter the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen spinosum

90
Q

What embryological structures are ventricles formed from?

A

Neural Tube

91
Q

Interventricular foramen is also known as

A

Foramen of Monro

92
Q

What name is given to the specialised structures that lie in the ventricles that generate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A

Choroid Plexus

93
Q

How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle?

A

Choroid plexus

94
Q

At which location is cerebrospinal fluid finally resorbed back into the general circulation?

A

Arachnoid villi which project into superior sagittal sinus

95
Q

On a bony skull cap identify the groove for the superior sagittal sinus. Identify indentations on either side of this groove. What makes these indentations?

A

Arachnoid Granulaitons

96
Q

What kind of fibres pass through corpus callosum them?

A

Commisurral

97
Q

What are the four parts of corpus callosum

A

Splenium, Body, Genu, Rostrum

98
Q

The septum pellucidum is a thin sheet which lies where

A

mid sagittal plane

99
Q

The septum pellucidium separates

A

ant horn of two lateral ventricles

100
Q

Septum Pellucidum is continuous with

A

Corpus Callosum

101
Q

What lies inferiorly to Septum Pellicidum

A

Fornix

102
Q

The fornix is a bundle of fibres which links

A

hippocampus with the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

103
Q

What is the bulbous projection on floor of lateral ventricle

A

Caudate nucleus

104
Q

What are basal ganglia

A

Collections of neuronal cell bodies within cerebral hemispheres

105
Q

What is the name given to a collection of neuronal cell bodies within the central nervous system?

A

Nucleus

106
Q

What is the Thalamus

A

Sensory relay area made up of smaller masses of grey matter nuclei

107
Q

List the six functions of Hypothalamus

A
  1. Autonomic Control Centre
  2. Body Temp regulator
  3. Regulates water balance and thirst
  4. Regulates food intake
  5. Regulates endocrine system function
  6. Regulate sleep-wake cycle
108
Q

Where are the colliculi (a component of the midbrain) in relation to the pineal gland?

A

Directly inferior

Neuro Anatomy (9 decks)

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