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NEUROANATOMY > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

General structure of brainstem

A

A stalk-like structure in the posterior cranial fossa
* It connects the forebrain and spinal cord
* Consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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2
Q

3 functions of the brainstem

A

Passage for ascending and descending tracts
- Houses cranial nerve nuclei III to XII
- Reflex centre in respiration, cardiac function and consciousness regulation

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3
Q

Ventral side of the midbrain

A

Connects the forebrain to pons distally
- Via the cerebral peduncles (Crus cerebri)
- Contains motor tracts

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4
Q

____________Lies between the crura

A

interpedicular fossa

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5
Q

Function of the interpedicular fossa

A

Allows vessels to perforate through its floor
* Oculomotor nerve (CN III) projects medially

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6
Q

Dorsal aspect of the midbrain has what?

A

Prominent superior and inferior colliculi

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7
Q

Nerve associated with the dorsal aspect of the midbrain - describe its relation here

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV) emerges between inferior
colliculi
- Wraps around lateral aspect of the midbrain

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8
Q

Describe the brachii of the colliculi

A

Brachium of superior colliculus
- To the lateral geniculate body
* Brachium of inferior colliculus
- To the medial geniculate body

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9
Q

Relation of pons to midbrain

A

Pons is found distal to midbrain anteriorly

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10
Q

Pons connects_____________ to__________

A

Midbrain to medulla oblongata

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10
Q

What is found on the ant surface of pons?

A

Basilar groove for the basilar artery as it ascends

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11
Q

Shape of the pons -and why is it shape like that

A
  • Has prominent convex shape
  • From fibres leading from pons to cerebellum
  • Forming middle cerebellar peduncle
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12
Q

Which nerve arises anterolaterally in the pons

A

CNV

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13
Q

Nerves emerging at pontomedullary junction (M to L)

A

Abducent nerve (CN VI)
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

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14
Q

Post. surface of the pons is related to what?

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

What does the post. surface of the pons form?

A

floor of fourth ventricle

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16
Q

What structure is a prominent bump on the post. surface of pons in midline?

A

Facial colliculus

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17
Q

Significance of the facial colliculus

A

It is where Facial nerve fibres related to abducent nerve
nucleus

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18
Q

Proximal relation of medulla oblongata

A

Connects to the pons proximally

19
Q

The medulla oblongata is connected to ______________________ at the foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord

20
Q

What is the deep groove on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata in midline?

A

Ant. median fissure

21
Q

The ant. median fissure continues on the ant. surface of the_____________

A

spinal cord

22
Q

What lies lateral to the anterior median fissure?

A

Pyramids

23
Q

What happens on the proximal aspect of the pyramids?

A
  • Proximally, fibres in pyramids decussate to opposite side
24
Q

What is found lateral to the pyramids?

A

Olives

25
Q

What separates the Olives from the pyramids?

A

anterolateral sulcus

26
Q

What is located posterior to the olives?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

27
Q

What nerves emerge at the junction between olives and pyramids?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) rootlets emerge

28
Q

What nerves emerge at the junction between olives and inferior cerebellar peduncles?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Vagus (CN X) and spinal accessory (CN XI) nerves

29
Q

Post surface of the medulla oblongata forms what?

A

Floor of the 4th ventricle

30
Q

What groove is on the post surface of the medulla oblongata along midline??

A

Posterior median sulcus courses along the midline
- Continues into the spinal cord

31
Q

What is found lateral to the posterior median sulcus?

A

Gracile tubercles

32
Q

________________located lateral to the gracile tubercles

A

Cuneate tubercles

33
Q

______________ separates gracile tubercle and cuneate tubercle

A

Posterolateral sulci

34
Q

What supplies the medula oblongata?

A

Vertebrobasilar system

35
Q

the _________________________ Supplies the medulla (laterally) before vertebral arteries fuse

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

36
Q

the _________________________ Supplies the medulla (medially and anteriorly)

A

paramedian branches
- From vertebral and anterior spinal arteries

37
Q

_______________Supplies lateral aspects of the pons

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

38
Q

__________________supply medial aspect of the pons

A

Paramedian branches

39
Q

_______________________supply anterior aspect of the pons

A

Pontine branches from basilar artery

40
Q

Blood supply of superior cerebellar peduncles

A

Superior cerebellar arteries

41
Q

_____________supply medial aspect of midbrain

A

Paramedian arteries

42
Q

_________________ supplies lateral aspect of midbrain

A

Posterior cerebellar arteries

43
Q

Function of superior and inferior coliculi

A

Superior - visual processing
Inferior - auditory processing

44
Q

Another name for ventral midbrain

A

Tegmentum

45
Q

Another name for dorsal midbrain

A

Tectem

NEUROANATOMY (3 decks)

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