BrainScapeDeck_English_Exam_20181115_101054

Question 1

Australian Accent

Variable Slang

Terms for Swimsuit

Answer 1

Cultivated = Swimmers

General = Togs

Broad = Cozzie

Question 2

Australian Accent

Variable Slang

Terms for Cigarette

Answer 2

Cultivated = Cigarette

General = Smokes

Broad = Durry

Question 3

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - Broad

Answer 3

• Julia Gillard
• Paul Hogan
• Steve Irwin

Question 4

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - General

Answer 4

• Eric Banner
• Hugh Jackman
• Ian Thorpe

Question 5

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - Cultivated

Answer 5

• Cate Blanchet
• Geoffrey Rush

Question 6

Ethnolect - Japanese

Phonology - Japanese

Answer 6

Speakers tend to confuse /l/ and /r/ both in perception and production

The Japanese language has only one liquid phoneme /r/, whose possible realizations include central [ɾ] and lateral [l].

Speakers may also hear English /r/ as similar to the Japanese /w/

Question 7

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse - existence pronoun

Answer 7

Anywhere vs Somewhere confusion

Used: “There is a rattle anywhere in the car”

Correct: “There is a rattle somewhere in the car”

Reason: Japanese use separate verbs for animated vs inanimate objects
I.e. different verb translated to ‘is’ would be used for a dog (animated) vs chair (inanimate )

Question 8

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse - Interjections in speech

Answer 8

Japanese: Hai, hai, hai → Chigau

Translation: Yes, yes, yes → no

Actual: mm, mm, mm → no it is different

Question 9

Ethnolect - Japanese

Honorific worduse

Answer 9

San vs Sama ≠ Mr vs Sir

Japanese language has key parts relating to status

Sales people take a very low status in language

• Andrew = family only
• Crisp-san = most business contacts
• Crisp-sama = sales people

→ Computer store sent me letter addressed “Sir Andrew Crisp”

Question 10

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse confusion

Vertical

Answer 10

High vs Tall

Distinction doesn’t exist in Japanese
Janglish = That skyscraper is a very high building

• Idiomatically wrong
• Confusion: e.g. that Pagoda is a very high building could mean it is built in the mountains

Question 11

Euphemisms

Died

Variable depending on intent

Answer 11

Gentle language → shock effect

Passed away

Bought the farm

Kicked the bucket

Croaked

Carked it

Question 12

Euphemisms

Stolen

Avoid Offence

Answer 12

Fell off the back of a truck

Question 13

Euphemisms

Homeless

Public softening

Answer 13

On the streets

Question 14

Euphemisms

Garbage man

Public softening

Answer 14

Sanitation engineer

Question 15

Euphemisms

Firing someone

Misleading

Answer 15

Letting someone go

Question 16

Euphemisms

gently used

Depends on context - descriptive or misleading

Answer 16

On 2nd hand listings can mean diffent things:

• Designer jacket worn once to the opening of an art gallery
• Used car that’s deteriorated and prone to breakdown

Question 17

Euphemisms

Genocide

Mislead

Answer 17

Ethnic cleansing

Question 18

Identity Language

Accent/Identity

Dr Debbie Loakes, is also from the School of Languages and Linguistics, University of Melbourne - ‘Super Diversity Project’, looking at whether Irish and Chinese migrants are adopting features of Australian English.

Answer 18

“It seems so far that people who’ve been here around ten years may be adopting certain features. But there’s also potentially resistance. So people might not want to sound like the group that they’re moving towards and they might like to keep their own accent and they might be very conscious of it and in that way we’ve got those factors of identity being involved in someone maintaining their own accent.”

Question 19

Jargon

The failure of an individual to pay a fine

Policing

Answer 19

FTP

Question 20

Jargon

Individual has died

Policing - different meanings

• Coarse euphemism
• Misleading

Answer 20

Assumed room temperature

Question 21

Jargon

annual fee paid over the lifetime of investment products

Banking - misleading

Answer 21

trailing commissions

Question 22

Jargon

Friendly fire

Military - misleading

Answer 22

blue-on-blue

Question 23

Jargon

Prisoner of war

Political - slightly misleading

Answer 23

Detainee

Question 24

Jargon

assassination

Political - misleading

Answer 24

Extrajudicial killing

Question 25

Jargon **Retrenchments and pay cuts** Business - misleading

Answer 25

reducing costs

Question 26

Jargon **surveillance** Business - misleading

Answer 26

data drill-down

Question 27

Jargon **Stress** Confusion between fields

Answer 27

**Engineering**: internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other **Psychology**: is a type of psychological pain cause by situations (generally out of one's control) **Physiological**: An organism's response to a challenge such as an environmental condition. **Linguistic**: Relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word

Question 28

Jargon **Legal Jargon: Disinterested** Misused in common language

Answer 28

**Legal definition**: unbiased i.e. not influenced by considerations of personal advantage e.g. "The dispute should be resolved by a disinterested judge." **Common definition**: uniterested, indifferent to, unconcerned about e.g. "I was totally disinterested in ball sports"

Question 29

Jargon that excludes **Skate boarding** Using feet to leap board in the air

Answer 29

Ollie ## Footnote Using feet to leap board in the air

Question 30

Jargon that excludes **Skate boarding** Touching the wheels with the board

Answer 30

Wheelbite ## Footnote Touching the wheels with the board

Question 31

Jargon that excludes **Film** A list of scenes that have already been filmed, usually compiled by the assistant cameraman.

Answer 31

Dope sheet ## Footnote A list of scenes that have already been filmed, usually compiled by the assistant cameraman.

Question 32

Jargon that excludes **Film** The crafties food truck supplies snacks and food to the crew.

Answer 32

Crafties ## Footnote The crafties food truck supplies snacks and food to the crew.

Question 33

Jargon that excludes **Film** The Director and all involved are happy with the takes and a new camera position is to be set up.

Answer 33

New Deal ## Footnote The Director and all involved are happy with the takes and a new camera position is to be set up.

Question 34

Jargon that excludes **Film** Going to the restroom

Answer 34

10/100 or 10/1 ## Footnote Going to the restroom

Question 35

Slang **Child** Example

Answer 35

Ankle Biter

Question 36

Slang **Silly person** Example

Answer 36

Dill

Question 37

Slang **Person of high prominence** Example

Answer 37

Tall poppies

Question 38

Slang **Very good** Example

Answer 38

Ripper

Question 39

Slang **Thief** Example

Answer 39

Crook

Question 40

Slang **Complain** Example

Answer 40

Whinge

Question 41

**Language Identity** ## Footnote Sometimes language and national identity are related.

Answer 41

For example * 'Gangster' This is crazy = Dis be wild * Lapp (Saami) who speaks Norwegian will usually consider himself Norwegian instead.

Question 42

**Language Identity** ## Footnote Contradiction - from English language website www.antimoon.com

Answer 42

However it doesn't always work that way. Most Irish and Scottish people today speak English even though their ancestors spoke Celtic and / or Pictish. Yet, the great majority of them still feel nationally and ethnically distinct from the English in much the same way most Basques and Catalonians do from the Castilian Spanish.

Question 43

**Lanugague Identity** ## Footnote Nina George, The Little Paris Bookshop

Answer 43

"Often it’s not we who shape words, but the words we use that shape us."

Question 44

**Lanugague Identity** ## Footnote Patagonian toothfish

Answer 44

Psycholinguists argue about whether language reflects our perception of reality or helps create them. I am in the latter camp. Take the names we give the animals we eat. The Patagonian toothfish is a prehistoric-looking creature with teeth like needles and bulging yellowish eyes that lives in deep waters off the coast of South America. It did not catch on with sophisticated foodies until an enterprising Los Angeles importer renamed it the considerably more palatable "Chilean sea bass."

Question 45

**Lanugague Identity** ## Footnote Gardening

Answer 45

"Devising a vocabulary for gardening is like devising a vocabulary for sex. There are the correct Latin names, but most people invent euphemisms. Those who refer to plants by Latin name are considered more expert, if a little pedantic."

Question 46

Slang **Hello/goodbye** Example

Answer 46

Hooroo

Question 47

Slang **Old man** Example

Answer 47

Old Fella