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LPC 2018 English Language > BrainScapeDeck_English_Exam_20181115_101054 > Flashcards

BrainScapeDeck_English_Exam_20181115_101054 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Australian Accent

Variable Slang

Terms for Swimsuit

A

Cultivated = Swimmers

General = Togs

Broad = Cozzie

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2
Q

Australian Accent

Variable Slang

Terms for Cigarette

A

Cultivated = Cigarette

General = Smokes

Broad = Durry

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3
Q

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - Broad

A
  • Julia Gillard
  • Paul Hogan
  • Steve Irwin
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4
Q

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - General

A
  • Eric Banner
  • Hugh Jackman
  • Ian Thorpe
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5
Q

Australian Accent

Prominent Speakers - Cultivated

A
  • Cate Blanchet
  • Geoffrey Rush
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6
Q

Ethnolect - Japanese

Phonology - Japanese

A

Speakers tend to confuse /l/ and /r/ both in perception and production

The Japanese language has only one liquid phoneme /r/, whose possible realizations include central [ɾ] and lateral [l].

Speakers may also hear English /r/ as similar to the Japanese /w/

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7
Q

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse - existence pronoun

A

Anywhere vs Somewhere confusion

Used: “There is a rattle anywhere in the car”

Correct: “There is a rattle somewhere in the car”

Reason: Japanese use separate verbs for animated vs inanimate objects
I.e. different verb translated to ‘is’ would be used for a dog (animated) vs chair (inanimate )

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8
Q

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse - Interjections in speech

A

Japanese: Hai, hai, hai → Chigau

Translation: Yes, yes, yes → no

Actual: mm, mm, mm → no it is different

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9
Q

Ethnolect - Japanese

Honorific worduse

A

San vs Sama ≠ Mr vs Sir

Japanese language has key parts relating to status

Sales people take a very low status in language

  • Andrew = family only
  • Crisp-san = most business contacts
  • Crisp-sama = sales people

→ Computer store sent me letter addressed “Sir Andrew Crisp”

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10
Q

Ethnolect - Japanese

Worduse confusion

Vertical

A

High vs Tall

Distinction doesn’t exist in Japanese
Janglish = That skyscraper is a very high building

  • Idiomatically wrong
  • Confusion: e.g. that Pagoda is a very high building could mean it is built in the mountains
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11
Q

Euphemisms

Died

Variable depending on intent

A

Gentle language → shock effect

Passed away

Bought the farm

Kicked the bucket

Croaked

Carked it

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12
Q

Euphemisms

Stolen

Avoid Offence

A

Fell off the back of a truck

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13
Q

Euphemisms

Homeless

Public softening

A

On the streets

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14
Q

Euphemisms

Garbage man

Public softening

A

Sanitation engineer

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15
Q

Euphemisms

Firing someone

Misleading

A

Letting someone go

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16
Q

Euphemisms

gently used

Depends on context - descriptive or misleading

A

On 2nd hand listings can mean diffent things:

  • Designer jacket worn once to the opening of an art gallery
  • Used car that’s deteriorated and prone to breakdown
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17
Q

Euphemisms

Genocide

Mislead

A

Ethnic cleansing

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18
Q

Identity Language

Accent/Identity

Dr Debbie Loakes, is also from the School of Languages and Linguistics, University of Melbourne - ‘Super Diversity Project’, looking at whether Irish and Chinese migrants are adopting features of Australian English.

A

“It seems so far that people who’ve been here around ten years may be adopting certain features. But there’s also potentially resistance. So people might not want to sound like the group that they’re moving towards and they might like to keep their own accent and they might be very conscious of it and in that way we’ve got those factors of identity being involved in someone maintaining their own accent.”

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19
Q

Jargon

The failure of an individual to pay a fine

Policing

A

FTP

20
Q

Jargon

Individual has died

Policing - different meanings

  • Coarse euphemism
  • Misleading
A

Assumed room temperature

21
Q

Jargon

annual fee paid over the lifetime of investment products

Banking - misleading

A

trailing commissions

22
Q

Jargon

Friendly fire

Military - misleading

A

blue-on-blue

23
Q

Jargon

Prisoner of war

Political - slightly misleading

A

Detainee

24
Q

Jargon

assassination

Political - misleading

A

Extrajudicial killing

25
Q

Jargon

Retrenchments and pay cuts

Business - misleading

A

reducing costs

26
Q

Jargon

surveillance

Business - misleading

A

data drill-down

27
Q

Jargon

Stress

Confusion between fields

A

Engineering: internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other

Psychology: is a type of psychological pain cause by situations (generally out of one’s control)

Physiological: An organism’s response to a challenge such as an environmental condition.

Linguistic: Relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word

28
Q

Jargon

Legal Jargon: Disinterested

Misused in common language

A

Legal definition: unbiased i.e. not influenced by considerations of personal advantage

e.g. “The dispute should be resolved by a disinterested judge.”

Common definition: uniterested, indifferent to, unconcerned about

e.g. “I was totally disinterested in ball sports”

29
Q

Jargon that excludes

Skate boarding

Using feet to leap board in the air

A

Ollie

Using feet to leap board in the air

30
Q

Jargon that excludes

Skate boarding

Touching the wheels with the board

A

Wheelbite

Touching the wheels with the board

31
Q

Jargon that excludes

Film

A list of scenes that have already been filmed, usually compiled by the assistant cameraman.

A

Dope sheet

A list of scenes that have already been filmed, usually compiled by the assistant cameraman.

32
Q

Jargon that excludes

Film

The crafties food truck supplies snacks and food to the crew.

A

Crafties

The crafties food truck supplies snacks and food to the crew.

33
Q

Jargon that excludes

Film

The Director and all involved are happy with the takes and a new camera position is to be set up.

A

New Deal

The Director and all involved are happy with the takes and a new camera position is to be set up.

34
Q

Jargon that excludes

Film

Going to the restroom

A

10/100 or 10/1

Going to the restroom

35
Q

Slang

Child

Example

A

Ankle Biter

36
Q

Slang

Silly person

Example

A

Dill

37
Q

Slang

Person of high prominence

Example

A

Tall poppies

38
Q

Slang

Very good

Example

A

Ripper

39
Q

Slang

Thief

Example

A

Crook

40
Q

Slang

Complain

Example

A

Whinge

41
Q

Language Identity

Sometimes language and national identity are related.

A

For example

  • ‘Gangster’ This is crazy = Dis be wild
  • Lapp (Saami) who speaks Norwegian will usually consider himself Norwegian instead.
42
Q

Language Identity

Contradiction - from English language website www.antimoon.com

A

However it doesn’t always work that way. Most Irish and Scottish people today speak English even though their ancestors spoke Celtic and / or Pictish. Yet, the great majority of them still feel nationally and ethnically distinct from the English in much the same way most Basques and Catalonians do from the Castilian Spanish.

43
Q

Lanugague Identity

Nina George, The Little Paris Bookshop

A

“Often it’s not we who shape words, but the words we use that shape us.”

44
Q

Lanugague Identity

Patagonian toothfish

A

Psycholinguists argue about whether language reflects our perception of reality or helps create them. I am in the latter camp. Take the names we give the animals we eat. The Patagonian toothfish is a prehistoric-looking creature with teeth like needles and bulging yellowish eyes that lives in deep waters off the coast of South America. It did not catch on with sophisticated foodies until an enterprising Los Angeles importer renamed it the considerably more palatable “Chilean sea bass.”

45
Q

Lanugague Identity

Gardening

A

“Devising a vocabulary for gardening is like devising a vocabulary for sex. There are the correct Latin names, but most people invent euphemisms. Those who refer to plants by Latin name are considered more expert, if a little pedantic.”

46
Q

Slang

Hello/goodbye

Example

A

Hooroo

47
Q

Slang

Old man

Example

A

Old Fella

LPC 2018 English Language (2 decks)

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