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CNS NH 2021 > Brainscape hard questions to review > Flashcards

Brainscape hard questions to review Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated bilirubin is

A

neurotoxic
can lead to jaundice
shoud be conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted via bile

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2
Q

what transports vitamin A in plasma?

IGF 1
retinol binding protein
prealbumin
albumin

A

retinol binding protein

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3
Q

Vitamin K is often given to patients after extensive anticoagulant therapy because:

these drugs destroy the bacteria in the intestines
to treat causes of hemorrhage
A and B
not an antidote for an overdose of blood thinners

A

A and B

Vitamin K can be given as an antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant (blood thinner) such as warfarin - sometimes sold as Coumadin or Jantoven.

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4
Q

Cigarette smokers should consume how much vitamin C daily?

75 mg
90 mg
125 mg
1000 mg

A

125 mg
An excess of vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea, cramps, and an excessive absorption of food iron, rebound scurvy when mega doses are stopped abruptly, and possible oxalate kidney stones.

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5
Q

___ and ___ work together to form hemoglobin

iron zinc
mg selenium
iodine copper
iron copper

A

Copper helps in the formation of collagen. It is also included in different enzymes. Copper works with iron to form hemoglobin.

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6
Q

Dysfunction of the esophagus is called

achalasia
gastritis
steatorrhea
pinocytosis

A

achalasia

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7
Q

animal product source of potassium

A

yogurt

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8
Q

Taking Prozac may deplete the supply of, increase the need for, or interfere with the activity of _____

A

melatonin

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9
Q

A deficiency in which of the following will increase BP and cholesterol?

selenium
iron
copper
zinc

A

copper

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10
Q

Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often have all but which of the following?

hyperzincuria
zinc toxicity
low liver Zn concentrations
hypozincemia

A

zinc toxicity

Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis often have hyperzincuria, hypozincemia, and low liver Zn concentrations. The hyperzincuria is attributed to a shifting of Zn in the plasma to ligands that are easily excreted and that inhibit tubular Zn reabsorption.

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11
Q

Somogyi effect

A

hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia. It is caused by the release of counter-regulatory hormones, especially as insulin activity declines.

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12
Q

Carriers are people (or animals) capable of transmitting infectious disease-causing organisms. All of the following are true about carriers except:

Often the carrier suffers effects from the organism
They are unaware of the danger he or she represents
Food workers should be tested regularly
You must know if a worker is a carrier of communicable diseases

A

A

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13
Q

All of the following are symptoms of excessive intake of vitamin A except:

intracranial pressure
high energy
irritability
anorexia

A

high energy

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14
Q

The adequate intake of calcium for children aged 4 – 8 years is which of the following?

800 mg
1000 mg
500 mg
1300 mg

A

1000 mg

The adequate intake of calcium varies with age. The adequate intake for children 4 – 8 years of age is 1000 mg. This rises to 1300 mg for children 9 – 18 years of age.

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15
Q

For most people, taking a daily RDA-level (Daily Value) multiple vitamin containing ________________________of vitamin D provides a sensible nutritional safety net.

400 to 600 IU
800 to 1000 IU
1000 to 2000 IU
5000 to 8000 IU

A

400-600

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16
Q

The need for iron increases during pregnancy because of the increased blood volume. In addition, the fetus increases its hemoglobin level to ________________grams per 100 ml of blood.

10-15
20-22
24-26
26-28

A

20-22

The fetus increases its hemoglobin level to 20-22 grams per 100 ml of blood. This is nearly twice the normal human hemoglobin level of 13 to 14 mg per 100 ml of blood.

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17
Q

Deprivation of which of the following nutrients during periods of rapid growth impairs brain and sexual development?

folate
niacin
pantothenic acid
zinc

A

zinc

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18
Q

All of the following are factors to consider in a nutritional assessment, except:

Psycho-social factors.
Functional factors.
Motor skills factors.
Behavioral factors.

A

Motor skills factors

The nutrition care process includes four phases. The phases are assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring & evaluation. During the assessment process information with be gathered. When performing an assessment dietary intake, nutrition associated consequences, and psycho-social factors, functional factors, and behavioral factors should all be considered. Change factors should be considered including: knowledge of change, preparation for change and ability to change.

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19
Q

What is recommended for a person with diverticulosis?

Water soluble fiber.
Water-insoluble fiber.
Glucose.
Sucrose.

A

water insoluble fiber

Diverticulosis is a weakening of the large intestine walls. Diets high in insoluble fiber are recommended to prevent and control diverticulosis.

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20
Q

Garlic is a popular spice for cooking and is one of the first recorded herbal remedies that has a long history of traditional medicinal use in many countries. Garlic contains all of the following except:

allicin
phytoncide
non-sulfur containing compounds
hydrocarbons

A

hydrocarbons

Garlic contains allicin, an antibiotic, and phytoncide, an antifungal. In addition, garlic is also rich in sulfur-containing and nonsulfur-containing compounds, which are mostly responsible for its biological activities.

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21
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three tissue layers surrounding the kidneys?

renal capsule
adipose capsule
renal fascia
Bowman’s capsule

A

Bowman’s capsule is not one of the three tissue layers surrounding the kidney. Bowman’s capsule is a component of the renal corpuscle.

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22
Q

Ginseng should not be used with

hypoglycemia
high BP
heart disorders
all

A

all

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23
Q

pregnant women and weight gain

A

25-35 lb

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24
Q

Which of the following would indicate moderate depletion of lymphocyte count?

1800 lymphocytes/mm3
1300 lymphocytes/mm3
900 lymphocytes/mm3
750 lymphocytes/mm3

A

900

25
Q

Historically, the most widely used indicator of vitamin B6 status has been which of the following?

tryptophan load test
methionine load test
erythrocyte transaminases
urinary 4-pyridoxide test

A

tryptophan

26
Q

The adequate intake of chromium for adults (over 18 years of age) is which of the following?

0.2 μg
5.5 μg
25 – 36 μg
36 – 45 μg

A

C

27
Q

There are three principal mechanisms used to control the glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

renal autoregulation
hepatic regulation
hormonal regulation
neural regulation

A

hepatic

Hepatic regulation is not one of the three principal mechanisms used to control the GFR. Renal autoregulation of GFR is a negative feedback regulation by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Hormonal regulation of GFR is controlled by two hormones – angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide. Through neural regulation the blood vessels of the kidneys are supplied by vasoconstrictor fibers of the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system.

28
Q

The estimated average requirements for phosphorus in persons over 18 years of age is which of the following?

580 mg
1,055 mg
405 mg
380 mg

A

580

29
Q

How many grams of protein are recommended during pregnancy?

A

75-100

30
Q

How many extra calories does a breastfeeding mother need?

A

200-500

31
Q

Neuroglia found in peripheral nervous system

A

schwann cells

32
Q

Neuroglia found in CNS

A

astrocytes
microglia
ependymal

33
Q

An excessive intake of this mineral can inhibit copper absorption. It is known as:

calcium
Molybdenum
iron
iodine

A

molybdenum

34
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are hormones that increase both heart rate and contractility. They are produced by which of the following?

adrenal medulla
anterior pituitary

A

medulla

35
Q

Foods that are labeled organic need to have at least what percentage of organic ingredients except for added water and salt?

50%
65%
75%
95%

A

95

36
Q

Which type of anemia is inherited and characterized by microcytic, hypochromic and short-lived RBCs which may result in facial deformities and other bone changes?

thalassemia
hemolytic
sideroblastic
sickle cell

A

thalassemia

increased iron absorption and progressive iron deposition in tissues, causing oxidative stress

37
Q

EPA is an inhiibitor of

arachidonic acid metabolism
fructose metabolism
glucose metabolism
citrate metabolism

A

arachidonic acid

38
Q

Mineral if presents with RLS

copper
magnesium
iron
zinc

A

iron

affects activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate limiting iron-dependent enzyme in the synthesis of the NT, dopamine

39
Q

-olol drugs are

A

beta blockers

40
Q

When in excess which of the following minerals increases urinary excretion of calcium?

magnesium
phosphorus
iron
copper

A

phosphorus

chronic ingestion of ca and phosphorus in a ratio less than 1:2 causes hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism

41
Q

Nutrient lost most rapidly during dialysis

b12
vitamin c
folate
niacin

A

folate

42
Q

Dietary recs following the passing of a stone do not include

decreased intake of calcium
avoid vitamin C
avoid high-purine intake
normal intake of protein

A

decreased intake of calcium

after passing normal intake recommended

43
Q

Primary action of serotonin

facilitate secretion and peristalsis
inhibit release of gastric emptying and acid secretion
regulate blood flow, maintain muscle tone and gastric motor activity
relax the lower esophageal sphincter

A

facilitate secretion and peristalsis

44
Q

____ toxicity can cause symptoms of fishy body odor, excess salivation and perspiration, and vomiting

A

choline

45
Q

ataxia with loss of ankle knee reflex may suggest which nutrient deficiencies / insufficiencies

vitamin E, B12, thiamin
magnesium, zinc, selenium
iron, folate
vitamin K, D

A

vitamin E, B12, thiamin

46
Q

nutrients needed to convert niacin from tryptophan

B2, B3, magnesium
B2, B6, iron
B1, B2, B6
B6, B3, magnesium

A

B2, B6, iron

47
Q

traditional dieting may boost levels of which hormone?

leptin
ghrelin
CCK
adiponectin

A

ghrelin

48
Q

Hepatotoxicity is associated with all of the following except

ginkgo biloba
comfrey
green tea extract
valerian

A

ginkgo

49
Q

Which is resp for activating vitamin K dependent clotting factors

iron
magnesium
calcium
pootassium

A

calcium

50
Q

prengant women should consume how much DHA during pregnancy

up to 1000 mg
500-700 mg
200-300 mg
75-100 mg

A

200-300

51
Q

Grapefruit contains ____ so it is contraindicated with a number of medications

saponins
furanocoumarins
phlobatannin
capsaicin

A

furanocoumarins

52
Q

Which is not true of coenzymes

contain carbon
take part in redox reactions
usually made of protein
can be reused and recycled

A

C

53
Q

Metformin’s primary site of action is in which organ

A

liver; decreases hepatic glucose production

54
Q

Fatty acid nomenclature

A

4: 0 Butyric Acid
12: 0 Lauric Acid
14: 0 Myristic Acid
16: 0 Palmitic acid
18: 0 Stearic Acid
20: 0 Arachidic Acid
24: 0 Lignoceric Acid
18: 1 (n-9) Oleic Acid
18: 2 (n-6) Linoleic Acid
18: 3 (n-3) Alpha-linolenic Acid
20: 4 (n-6) Arachidonic Acid
20: 5 (n-3) Eicosapentanoic Acid
22: 6 (n-3) Docosahexanoic Acid

55
Q

Anemia of chronic renal disease is caused by kidney’s inability to produce

calcitriol
renin
erythropoietin
ferritin

A

erythropoietin

56
Q

Uremia may be a sign of

stage 1 renal disease
stage 3
stage 2
end stage

A

end stage

57
Q

The sole iron exporter in iron-transporting cells is

ferroportin
transferrin
hemoglobin
ferritin

A

ferroprotein

transports from inside of cell to outside of cell where it is transported in blood stream

58
Q

Bioavailability of phosphorus may be most reduced by

concurrent ingestion of vitamin D
dietary fats
concurrent ingestion of calcium
fiber

A

C

CNS NH 2021 (5 decks)

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