Brainscape (general)

Question 1

What is the treatment for SVT? First & second line

Answer 1

Vagal manoeuveres then adenosine

Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic drug that works on cardiac receptors in t

Question 2

Management for atrial flutter initially?

Answer 2

Beta blockers or DC Cardioversion

Question 3

How to remember the difference betweeen atropine, adenosine & amiodarone?

Answer 3

1. AtrUPine - speed up the heart in bradycardia.
2. ADOWNosine - slow down the heart in tachycardia.
3. Amiodarone has 5 syllables (the most/a weird number) - it’s used for rhythm control.

Question 4

Diabetes meds

What drug is increasingly being prescribed alongside metformin?

Answer 4

Empagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor)

For older patients at risk of CVD

Question 5

How to remember which type of NIV for type 1 & type 2

Answer 5

CPAP = 1. BiPAP = type 2

Question 6

Primary hyperparathyroidism Mx

What drugs can be given before the definitive management?

Answer 6

so the way i think about it is that calcimimetics (= cinacalcet) ‘trick’ the PTH gland into thinking Ca levels are really high (and making the Ca receptors on the PTH gland super sensitive)

this then means less PTH is secreted via negative feedback.

Question 7

Common way to distinguish between neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 7

NF has caf au lait spots which are hyperpigmented (brown) spots, tuberous sclerosis classically has hypopigmented (lighter) ‘ash leaf’ spots

Question 8

Syringomyelia: What is this?

Answer 8

Describes a collection of CSF in the spinal cord

Blocks spinothalamic tract (pain & temperature)

Question 9

Treatment for peripheral neuropathy of Izoniazid (RIPE for TB)

Answer 9

Vitamin B6

Question 10

Which types of bacteria are mostly like to cause overwhelming post splenectomy infection?

Answer 10

Encapsulated i.e. pneumococcus

Question 11

How to manage an INR of 5.0-8.0

With no bleed

Answer 11

No bleeding
**5-8 you delay warfarin
**
>8 you give PO vitamin K

minor bleed
regardless of INR give IV 1-3mg

Major bleed
regardless of INR give IV 5 + FFP

Question 12

Most common Sx of chrons in children?

Answer 12

Abdo pain

Bloody diarrhoea would more likely be UC

Question 13

ECG change in hyperkalemia?

Answer 13

ECG is the tall ‘tented’ T waves

Question 14

W/ upper GI bleed what blood test result would be from ‘protein meal’?

Answer 14

High urea

on a background of normal renal fucntion

Question 15

Blood film findings: GP6D def v heredeitary spherocytosis

Answer 15

Heinz bodies vs spherocytes (round, lack of central pallor)

Question 16

What is pernicious anaemia?

Answer 16

Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disorder affecting the gastric mucosa that results in vitamin B12 deficiency

Associated w/ other autoimmune i.e. vitiligo

Question 17

What are the two important aspects to manage for people in AF?

Answer 17

1) the rate/rhythm control
2) The stroke risk

Question 18

With Mx of AF, when would you want to delay electrical cardioversion?

Answer 18

If AF >48h, then need 3 weeks anti-coag before cardioversion

Question 19

Gentamicin or trimethoprim causes intrinsic AKI?

Answer 19

Gentacmicin

Question 20

Rectal or oral mesalazine in mild-moderate flare of distal UC?

Answer 20

Rectal (topical) aminosalicylates

Question 21

What paraneoplastic syndromes can you get in small cell lung carcinoma?

Answer 21

1) SiADH
2) Cushing’s syndrome
3) Lambert-eaton syndrome
4) Cerebellar syndrome

Question 22

What medications could you give for status epilepticus?

Answer 22

PR diazapam or buccal midazolam

Hospital = lorazapam & lorazapam!

Question 23

What finding is found in the LP of people with optic neuritis?

Answer 23

Oligoclonal bands

Question 24

CJD is rapidly progressive dementia caused by prion proteins. What feature is associated with it strongly?

Answer 24

Myoclonus

Remember visual hallucinations in lewy body

Question 25

How to differentiate between anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery lesion?

Answer 25

A-ICA is more facial motor loss & hearing. P-ICA is more sensory stuff. P-ICA facial pain

M before S. A before P.