Brainscape (general) Flashcards
What is the treatment for SVT? First & second line
Vagal manoeuveres then adenosine
Adenosine is an antiarrhythmic drug that works on cardiac receptors in t
Management for atrial flutter initially?
Beta blockers or DC Cardioversion
How to remember the difference betweeen atropine, adenosine & amiodarone?
- AtrUPine - speed up the heart in bradycardia.
- ADOWNosine - slow down the heart in tachycardia.
- Amiodarone has 5 syllables (the most/a weird number) - it’s used for rhythm control.
Diabetes meds
What drug is increasingly being prescribed alongside metformin?
Empagliflozin (SGLT-2 inhibitor)
For older patients at risk of CVD
How to remember which type of NIV for type 1 & type 2
CPAP = 1. BiPAP = type 2
Primary hyperparathyroidism Mx
What drugs can be given before the definitive management?
so the way i think about it is that calcimimetics (= cinacalcet) ‘trick’ the PTH gland into thinking Ca levels are really high (and making the Ca receptors on the PTH gland super sensitive)
this then means less PTH is secreted via negative feedback.
Common way to distinguish between neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis?
NF has caf au lait spots which are hyperpigmented (brown) spots, tuberous sclerosis classically has hypopigmented (lighter) ‘ash leaf’ spots
Syringomyelia: What is this?
Describes a collection of CSF in the spinal cord
Blocks spinothalamic tract (pain & temperature)
Treatment for peripheral neuropathy of Izoniazid (RIPE for TB)
Vitamin B6
Which types of bacteria are mostly like to cause overwhelming post splenectomy infection?
Encapsulated i.e. pneumococcus
How to manage an INR of 5.0-8.0
With no bleed
No bleeding
**5-8 you delay warfarin
**
>8 you give PO vitamin K
minor bleed
regardless of INR give IV 1-3mg
Major bleed
regardless of INR give IV 5 + FFP
Most common Sx of chrons in children?
Abdo pain
Bloody diarrhoea would more likely be UC
ECG change in hyperkalemia?
ECG is the tall ‘tented’ T waves
W/ upper GI bleed what blood test result would be from ‘protein meal’?
High urea
on a background of normal renal fucntion
Blood film findings: GP6D def v heredeitary spherocytosis
Heinz bodies vs spherocytes (round, lack of central pallor)
What is pernicious anaemia?
Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disorder affecting the gastric mucosa that results in vitamin B12 deficiency
Associated w/ other autoimmune i.e. vitiligo
What are the two important aspects to manage for people in AF?
1) the rate/rhythm control
2) The stroke risk
With Mx of AF, when would you want to delay electrical cardioversion?
If AF >48h, then need 3 weeks anti-coag before cardioversion
Gentamicin or trimethoprim causes intrinsic AKI?
Gentacmicin
Rectal or oral mesalazine in mild-moderate flare of distal UC?
Rectal (topical) aminosalicylates
What paraneoplastic syndromes can you get in small cell lung carcinoma?
1) SiADH
2) Cushing’s syndrome
3) Lambert-eaton syndrome
4) Cerebellar syndrome
What medications could you give for status epilepticus?
PR diazapam or buccal midazolam
Hospital = lorazapam & lorazapam!
What finding is found in the LP of people with optic neuritis?
Oligoclonal bands
CJD is rapidly progressive dementia caused by prion proteins. What feature is associated with it strongly?
Myoclonus
Remember visual hallucinations in lewy body
How to differentiate between anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery lesion?
A-ICA is more facial motor loss & hearing. P-ICA is more sensory stuff. P-ICA facial pain
M before S. A before P.
