Brainscape Flashcards - git pharm
What is the primary purpose of gastrointestinal drugs?
Gastrointestinal drugs are used to treat conditions affecting the digestive tract.
Name one common type of gastrointestinal drug.
Antacids are a common type of gastrointestinal drug.
What is the main function of antacids?
Antacids neutralize stomach acid to relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.
What are some common types of antacids?
Common types of antacids include calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.
Why should antacids and certain antibiotics not be taken together?
Antacids can reduce the absorption of certain antibiotics, diminishing their effectiveness.
Which class of drugs reduces stomach acid production?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid production.
What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors?
PPIs are used to treat conditions like GERD and peptic ulcers.
What class of drug is commonly used in acid reflux treatment?
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to manage acid reflux.
Name a side effect of prolonged PPI use.
Prolonged PPI use can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
What is a major precaution with long-term use of PPIs?
Long-term use of PPIs may lead to nutrient deficiencies, including magnesium and vitamin B12 deficiencies.
Which type of drug interaction is critical to monitor with PPIs?
PPIs can interact with medications like clopidogrel, reducing its effectiveness.
How do H2 receptor antagonists work?
H2 receptor antagonists block histamine receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production.
What is the role of gastrointestinal drugs in drug absorption?
Some gastrointestinal drugs can alter the pH level in the stomach, impacting the absorption of other medications.
What impact do antacids have on other medications?
Antacids can bind with other medications, potentially reducing their absorption and effectiveness.
What gastrointestinal drug class is used to prevent nausea and vomiting?
Antiemetics are used to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Give an example of an antiemetic.
Ondansetron is an example of an antiemetic.
How do prokinetic drugs work?
Prokinetics help increase gastrointestinal motility, aiding in the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Name a common prokinetic drug.
Metoclopramide is a widely used prokinetic drug.
How do prokinetics help in GERD?
Prokinetics increase the movement of the esophagus and stomach, reducing acid reflux.
What are the possible side effects of using prokinetic drugs?
Side effects of prokinetics may include fatigue, drowsiness, and sometimes movement disorders.
Name a gastrointestinal condition that may be treated with laxatives.
Laxatives are often used to treat constipation.
What is a common side effect of laxatives?
Diarrhea is a common side effect of laxatives.
Which class of drug is used to protect the stomach lining?
Mucosal protectants are used to protect the stomach lining.
Name an example of a mucosal protectant.
Sucralfate is an example of a mucosal protectant.
How does sucralfate work in the stomach?
Sucralfate forms a protective layer on the ulcer surface, shielding it from acid and enzymes.
How does sucralfate aid in ulcer treatment?
Sucralfate forms a barrier over ulcers, protecting them from stomach acid and promoting healing.
What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
Peptic ulcers are often caused by H. pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs.
What is a recommended treatment for H. pylori infection?
A combination of antibiotics with a PPI is typically used to eradicate H. pylori.
Which class of drug may be used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms?
Antispasmodics are commonly used to alleviate IBS symptoms by reducing gut muscle spasms.
How do antispasmodic drugs work?
Antispasmodics relieve muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, easing symptoms like cramping.
Provide an example of an antispasmodic drug.
Dicyclomine is an example of an antispasmodic drug.
Which class of drugs is often used to reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract?
Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation.
Name a common anti-inflammatory drug used for gastrointestinal issues.
Mesalamine is frequently used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.
How do anti-inflammatory drugs help in ulcerative colitis?
They reduce inflammation and help manage symptoms, improving intestinal healing in ulcerative colitis.
What are antidiarrheal drugs used for?
Antidiarrheals are used to treat and control diarrhea.
Give an example of an antidiarrheal drug.
Loperamide is a common antidiarrheal drug.
What is an important caution with antidiarrheal drugs?
Overuse of antidiarrheals may lead to constipation or cause toxic megacolon in severe cases.
What type of gastrointestinal drug is used to reduce gas symptoms?
Antiflatulents are used to relieve gas symptoms.
Give an example of an antiflatulent.
Simethicone is an example of an antiflatulent.
What is a potential interaction between gastrointestinal drugs and blood thinners?
Some gastrointestinal drugs can increase the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners.
Why is it important to take some gastrointestinal drugs with food?
Taking certain drugs with food can enhance their absorption and minimize stomach irritation.
How can NSAIDs affect the gastrointestinal system?
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining, potentially leading to ulcers and bleeding.
What are some common side effects of gastrointestinal drugs?
Side effects may include nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, depending on the drug class.
