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pharmacology > Brainscape Flashcards - git pharm > Flashcards

Brainscape Flashcards - git pharm

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of gastrointestinal drugs?

A

Gastrointestinal drugs are used to treat conditions affecting the digestive tract.

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2
Q

Name one common type of gastrointestinal drug.

A

Antacids are a common type of gastrointestinal drug.

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3
Q

What is the main function of antacids?

A

Antacids neutralize stomach acid to relieve symptoms of heartburn and indigestion.

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4
Q

What are some common types of antacids?

A

Common types of antacids include calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

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5
Q

Why should antacids and certain antibiotics not be taken together?

A

Antacids can reduce the absorption of certain antibiotics, diminishing their effectiveness.

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6
Q

Which class of drugs reduces stomach acid production?

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid production.

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7
Q

What is the primary use of proton pump inhibitors?

A

PPIs are used to treat conditions like GERD and peptic ulcers.

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8
Q

What class of drug is commonly used in acid reflux treatment?

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used to manage acid reflux.

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9
Q

Name a side effect of prolonged PPI use.

A

Prolonged PPI use can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.

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10
Q

What is a major precaution with long-term use of PPIs?

A

Long-term use of PPIs may lead to nutrient deficiencies, including magnesium and vitamin B12 deficiencies.

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11
Q

Which type of drug interaction is critical to monitor with PPIs?

A

PPIs can interact with medications like clopidogrel, reducing its effectiveness.

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12
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists work?

A

H2 receptor antagonists block histamine receptors in the stomach, reducing acid production.

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13
Q

What is the role of gastrointestinal drugs in drug absorption?

A

Some gastrointestinal drugs can alter the pH level in the stomach, impacting the absorption of other medications.

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14
Q

What impact do antacids have on other medications?

A

Antacids can bind with other medications, potentially reducing their absorption and effectiveness.

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15
Q

What gastrointestinal drug class is used to prevent nausea and vomiting?

A

Antiemetics are used to prevent nausea and vomiting.

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16
Q

Give an example of an antiemetic.

A

Ondansetron is an example of an antiemetic.

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17
Q

How do prokinetic drugs work?

A

Prokinetics help increase gastrointestinal motility, aiding in the movement of food through the digestive tract.

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18
Q

Name a common prokinetic drug.

A

Metoclopramide is a widely used prokinetic drug.

19
Q

How do prokinetics help in GERD?

A

Prokinetics increase the movement of the esophagus and stomach, reducing acid reflux.

20
Q

What are the possible side effects of using prokinetic drugs?

A

Side effects of prokinetics may include fatigue, drowsiness, and sometimes movement disorders.

21
Q

Name a gastrointestinal condition that may be treated with laxatives.

A

Laxatives are often used to treat constipation.

22
Q

What is a common side effect of laxatives?

A

Diarrhea is a common side effect of laxatives.

23
Q

Which class of drug is used to protect the stomach lining?

A

Mucosal protectants are used to protect the stomach lining.

24
Q

Name an example of a mucosal protectant.

A

Sucralfate is an example of a mucosal protectant.

25
Q

How does sucralfate work in the stomach?

A

Sucralfate forms a protective layer on the ulcer surface, shielding it from acid and enzymes.

26
Q

How does sucralfate aid in ulcer treatment?

A

Sucralfate forms a barrier over ulcers, protecting them from stomach acid and promoting healing.

27
Q

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

A

Peptic ulcers are often caused by H. pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs.

28
Q

What is a recommended treatment for H. pylori infection?

A

A combination of antibiotics with a PPI is typically used to eradicate H. pylori.

29
Q

Which class of drug may be used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms?

A

Antispasmodics are commonly used to alleviate IBS symptoms by reducing gut muscle spasms.

30
Q

How do antispasmodic drugs work?

A

Antispasmodics relieve muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, easing symptoms like cramping.

31
Q

Provide an example of an antispasmodic drug.

A

Dicyclomine is an example of an antispasmodic drug.

32
Q

Which class of drugs is often used to reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation.

33
Q

Name a common anti-inflammatory drug used for gastrointestinal issues.

A

Mesalamine is frequently used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.

34
Q

How do anti-inflammatory drugs help in ulcerative colitis?

A

They reduce inflammation and help manage symptoms, improving intestinal healing in ulcerative colitis.

35
Q

What are antidiarrheal drugs used for?

A

Antidiarrheals are used to treat and control diarrhea.

36
Q

Give an example of an antidiarrheal drug.

A

Loperamide is a common antidiarrheal drug.

37
Q

What is an important caution with antidiarrheal drugs?

A

Overuse of antidiarrheals may lead to constipation or cause toxic megacolon in severe cases.

38
Q

What type of gastrointestinal drug is used to reduce gas symptoms?

A

Antiflatulents are used to relieve gas symptoms.

39
Q

Give an example of an antiflatulent.

A

Simethicone is an example of an antiflatulent.

40
Q

What is a potential interaction between gastrointestinal drugs and blood thinners?

A

Some gastrointestinal drugs can increase the risk of bleeding when combined with blood thinners.

41
Q

Why is it important to take some gastrointestinal drugs with food?

A

Taking certain drugs with food can enhance their absorption and minimize stomach irritation.

42
Q

How can NSAIDs affect the gastrointestinal system?

A

NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining, potentially leading to ulcers and bleeding.

43
Q

What are some common side effects of gastrointestinal drugs?

A

Side effects may include nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, depending on the drug class.

pharmacology (3 decks)

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