Brain Tumors and Sex cell tumors

Question 1

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 1

Most common in adults

• butterfly glioma
• GFAP
• pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumor cells

Question 2

meningioma

Answer 2

2nd most common in adults

• from arachnoid cells, benign and resectable
• whorled pattern of spindle cells –> psammoma bodies

Question 3

Schwannoma

Answer 3

3rd most common in adults

• acoustic scwannoma
• S100 positive

Associated with NF2

Question 4

oligodendroglioma

Answer 4

frontal lobes

- fried egg cells, round nuclei with clear cytoplasm

Question 5

pilocytic astrocytoma

Answer 5

most common in children

• GFAP
• rosenthal fibers, eosinophilic corkscrew fibers

Question 6

medulloblastoma

Answer 6

second most common in children

• homer writhgt rosettes, small blue cells,
• can compress 4th ventricle and cause hydrocephalus

Question 7

hemangioblastoma

Answer 7

cerebellar

• can produce EPO
• foamy cells

Associated with VHL

Question 8

dysgerminoma

Answer 8

ovarian germ cell tumor

• malignant
• sheets of uniform cells
• hCG and LDH

Association with Turner syndrome

Question 9

choriocarcinoma

Answer 9

ovarian germ cell tumor

• malignant
• during or after pregnancy
• no chorionic villi
• spreads to lungs hematogenously
• hCG

Question 10

Yolk sac

Answer 10

ovarian germ cell tumor

• aggressive malignancy
• yellow friable solid masses
• schiller duval bodies (glomeruli in tumor)
• AFP

Question 11

teratoma

Answer 11

90% ovarian germ cell tumors

- 2 or 3 germ layers

Question 12

serous cystadenoma

Answer 12

non germ cell tumor

• bilateral lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
• CA125

Question 13

serous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 13

non germ cell tumor

• malignant
• psammoma bodies
• BRCA1,2 and HNPCC risk factors

Question 14

mucinous cystadenoma

Answer 14

non germ cell tumor

- cyst lined by mucus secreting epithelium, intestine like tissue

Question 15

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 15

non germ cell tumor

• malignant
• pseudomyxoma peritonei –> intracellular accumulation of mucinous material

Question 16

brenner tumor

Answer 16

non germ cell tumor

• looks like bladder, benign
• appears encapsulated
• coffee bean nuclei on staining

Question 17

fibromas

Answer 17

non germ cell tumors

• spindle shaped fibroblasts
• Meig’s syndrome –> ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax

Question 18

granulosa cell tumor

Answer 18

non germ cell

• precocious puberty –> secretes estrogen
• call-exner bodies –> small follicles with eosinophilic secretions
• abnl uterine bleeding

Question 19

seminoma (male)

Answer 19

testicular germ cell tumor

• most common, malignant
• fried egg appearance
• increased PLAP
• good prognosis

Question 20

yolk sac tumor (male)

Answer 20

testicular germ cell tumor

• most common under 3 years
• schiller duval bodies
• increased AFP

Question 21

choriocarcinoma (male)

Answer 21

testicular germ cell tumor

• disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements
• increased hCG

Question 22

Teratoma (male)

Answer 22

testicular germ cell tumor

• malignant in adults
• increased hCG and/or AFP

Question 23

embryonal carcinoma (male)

Answer 23

testicular germ cell tumor

• malignant, bad prognosis
• glandular/papillary morphology
• increased hCG and nl AFP

Question 24

leydig cell (male)

Answer 24

non-germ cell tumor

• reinke crystals
• androgen producing
• gynecomastia in men, precocious pubery in boys
• golden brown color

Question 25

sertoli cell (male)

Answer 25

non germ cell tumor

- androblastoma from sex cord stroma

Question 26

testicular lymphoma

Answer 26

non germ cell tumor

- most common testicular CA in older men, metastases to testes and aggressive