Brain Tumors Flashcards
brain tumors are the leading cause of what in children under 20?
Solid tumor!
primary tumors MC in who, secondary tumors MC in who?
children
adults
common secondary forms of cancer that can mets to the brain?
breast lung melanoma lymphoma renal cell thyroid
benign brain tumor cells do not contain what?
cancer cells
some major s/s?
HA usually worse at night
N/V, changes in speech, vision, hearing, balance, changes in mood, concentration, memory problems, SEIZURES, numbness or tingling
meningiomas may occur where? and arise from what cells?
intracrainally or within spinal cap
arachnoidal cap cells
where are meningoimas commonly found?
surface of the brain (skull base or convexity)
MC brain tumor?
astrocytoma (glioma)
grading of astrocytomas:
1:
2:
3:
4:
children, tx with surgery, juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, occurs in cerebellum
low grade, adults
anaplastic astrocytoma or malignant astrocytoma
glioblastoma multiforme contain dead tissue within it
most pituitary adenomas are what?
benign (located in the anterior part of the gland)
microadenomas <1cc
macroadenomas > 1cc
this is important why?
pituitary fossa is 1cc
anterior pituitary adenomas effect what hormones?
FSH LH ACTH TSH GH ILF-1 Prolactin
posterior pituitary adenomas effect what hormones?
ADH
Oxytocin
medulloblastoma arises from what cells where?
medulobastic cells in cerebellum
acoustic neuroma:
what kind of tumor?
what cells?
seen with what?
bening tumor of the Schwann cell of CN VIII
neurofibromatosis
some txs of tumors?
surgery
focused beam radiation (Gamma knife)
transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas
chemo
some s/s of pseudotumor cerebri?
obese female of childbearing age transient visual obscurations intracranial noises photophobia retrobulbar pain diplopia sustained vision loss
etiologies of pseudotumor cerebri
venous thrombosis otitis media obesity addisons head injury pregnancy cystic fibrosis iron def anemia steriod withdrawl hypoparathyroidism meds (tetracycline, vit A, cipro, pehnytoin, ASA, amphotericin B)
on PE what do we want to look for for pseudotumor cerebri?
papilledema
visual field loss
6th nerve palsy
dx of pseudotumor cerebri?
LP >250mmH2O is abnormal
tx of pseudotumor cerebri?
weight loss/low sodium
Acetazolamide
Topiramate
