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Neuro > 1st PPT > Flashcards

1st PPT Flashcards

1
Q

myelinated nerve cells?

A

white matter

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2
Q

unmyelinated nerve cells?

A

grey matter

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3
Q

nerve impulses carried by what?

A

white matter

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4
Q

route sensory or motor stimulus to interneurons of CNS

A

grey matter

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5
Q

UMN are formed from fibers from where?

A

corticospinal tracts

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6
Q

UMN synapses with LMN where?

A

anterior horn of the spinal cord

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7
Q

the motor root leaves the cord _____ to join the sensory root and becomes the spinal nerve

A

anteriorly

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8
Q

wernicke’s aphasia: INPUT

A

speech is preserved but language is lost (i called mt mom on the television)

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9
Q

Broca’s aphasia: OUTPUT

A

comprehension is normal but have trouble saying things out

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10
Q

thalamus:

A

processing center of the brain, send info where it needs to go (except smell)

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11
Q

hypothalamus:

anterior:
posterior:

A 
body temp
endocrine function 
physical expression of behavior 
feeding/thrist 
pleasure

parasympathetic (maintenance

sympathetic (F or F)

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12
Q

medulla:

what cranial nerves:

A

VIII-XII

respiration
BP/HR
reflex arcs
vomiting

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13
Q

PONS:

what cranial nerves:

A

V-VII

relays sensory info between cerebellum and cerebrum, contains pneumotaxic centers that help regulate respiration

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14
Q

Cerebellum:

archicerebellum:
paleocerebellum:
neocerebellum:

A

maintains equilibrium

maintains muscle tone

control coordination

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15
Q

anosmia:
hypersomia:
parosmia:
cacosmia:

A

colds, rhinits, tumors

hysterics, cocaine

olfactroy hallucinations, seizures, schizophrenia, unicate gyrus lesions

unpleasant odors, decomposition of tissue

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16
Q

injury to CN III causes what?

A

dilated pupil and ptosis

“fixed and dilated”

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17
Q

CN 3:

superior division supplies what?

inferior division supplies what?

A

levator palpebrae superiors and superior rectus

medial rectus, inferior rectus,
inferior oblique

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18
Q

CN IV innervates:

A

superior oblique

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19
Q

CN V:

V1:
V2:
V3:

A

opthalmic
maxillary
mandible

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20
Q

CN VI:

what muscle?

A

lateral rectus (abducts)

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21
Q

CN VII:

peripheral:
central:
Bells:

A

if whole side is paralyzed

if forhead is spared (CVA)

always unilateral (if they can flex forehead its a stroke)

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22
Q

weber: if heard louder in one side then what?

A

conductive hearing loss in that ear

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23
Q

rhinne: AC>BC normally if not true then what?

A

conductive hearing loss on that side

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24
Q

CN XII:

tongue deviation
tongue atrophy
tongue fasiculations

peripheral lesions and central lesions where will tongue deviate?

A

peripheral: towards
central: opposite

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25
Q

persistent disorder of posture and movement, caused by nonprogressive defects or lesions of the immature brain

A

cerebral palsy

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26
Q

prenata RF of CP:

A

maternal infx, illness, ETOH/chemical dependence, prenatal anoxia, multiple births, polyhydramnios, bleeding in thrd trimester

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27
Q

perinatal RF of CP:

A 
chorioamnionitis
low birth weight 
hypoxic ischemia encephalaopathy 
grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage
hyperbiliribinemia
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28
Q

postnatal RF of CP:

A

traumatic brain injury

meningitis/encephalitis, stroke, asphyxia

29
Q

hemiplegic CP:

A

MC congenital

30
Q

hemiplegic CP:

mc the vascular territory of the what?

A

MC congenital

middle cerebral artery (L>R)

31
Q

diplegic CP:

premature infant:

term infant:

A

periventricualr leukomalacia
Grade IV IVH

multifactorial

32
Q

quadriplegic CP:

A

multifactorial
structural brain abnormalities

cerebral hypoperfusion and watershed infarcts

33
Q

dyskinetic CP:

A

hypoxic brain injury

kernicterus

34
Q

main PE of CP present with all:

A

persistence of primitive reflexes

poor trunk/head control with impaired fine motor control

35
Q

hemiplegic CP PE:

A

unilateral spasticity arm>leg

relative weakness on one side

eye problems (strab, homo hemianopia )

36
Q

diplegic CP PE:

A

spasticity legs>arms

scissoring gait (toe walker, flexed hips)

37
Q

quadriplegic CP PE:

A

sig flucation of tone

stimulant induced spasms and strong extensor drive

weak trunk/poor head control

speech/swallowing difficulties

involves a 4 extremities

38
Q

dyskinetic CP PE:

A

poor trunk/head control

freq hypotonic

oromotor dysfunction

arms>legs

39
Q

tests for CP:

A

cranial US/head CT in early neonatal period

MRI for older infant/child

40
Q

tx of CP non drugs:

A

PT, OT, Speech therapy, Special education

41
Q

tx of CP non drugs:

A

PT, OT, Speech therapy, Special education, orthopedic intervention

42
Q

tx of CP drugs:

A

balcofen
diazepam
botulinum toxin A/B

43
Q

for CP: dorsal root rhizotomy: consider in who?

A

diplegic

44
Q

selectively serves problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord?

A

rhizotomy

45
Q

for CP the rhizotomy targets the nerves that dont receive what?

A

GABA

46
Q

carpal tunnel:

RF:

tx:

A

compression of MEDIAN nerve

repititive motion, pregnancy, wrist fx

splinting, NSAIDS, cortisone, surgery

47
Q

special tests for carpal tunnel:

A

tinel’s sign

phalen’s test

48
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome:

clinical:

tx:

A

compression of ulnar nerve at elbow

weakness/numbness over ulnar nerve, intrinisic handwashing

ulnar nerve transposition

49
Q

saturday night palsy:

clinical:

A

radial nerve injury usually due to trauma (falling asleep or hit with stick)

wrist drop

50
Q

peroneal nerve palsy:

clinical:

A

trauma to knee, fibular fx, high boots

paresthesia, foot drop, extremeity weakness

51
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome:

clinical:
tx:

A

compression of post tibialis nerve at elbow

pain/burning over sole of foot worse with movement

wide shoes, arch supports, nsaids, cortisone, surgery

52
Q

meralgia paresthetica:

rf:
clinical:

tx:

A

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

obesity, tight clothing, wallets, cheerleaaders, cross county

dysesthesia of lateral hip

avoid trigger, nsaids, injection

53
Q

inflammatory process of meninges and CSF withing subarachnoid space?

rf:

A

meningitis

immunocompromised, ETOH, post surgery

54
Q

meningitis:

<3 months pathogen and tx:

3months to 18 years pathogen and tx:

18-50 year old pathogen and tx:

> 50 years old pathogen and tx:

A

GBS, ampicillin + vancomycin

n meningitidis ceftriaxone + vancomycin

S penumo Ceftriaxone + vancomycin

L monoytogens ampicillin and ceftriaxone

(CV over 3 months and AC over 50)

55
Q

bacterial meningitis:

meningeal symptoms:

A

HA, nuchal ridigity, seizures, PRURITIC RASH FROM DIC

56
Q

these signs would be positive in meningitis:

A

Kernigs and Brudzinski (neck flexion and involuntary flexing of hip/knee)

57
Q

dx of bacterial meningitis:

what is shown on CSF:

A

high PMN, decreased glucose <45
increased protein, increased CSF pressure

must do head CT first in High RIsk pts

58
Q

viral meningitis:

peaks when?

A

summer

enteroviruses, arthropod borne viruses, mumps in winter/spring

59
Q

viral meningitis dx:

CSF:

A

high PMN, NORMAL GLUCOSE, mildly increased protein, increased CSF pressure, neg gram stain, lymphocytic pleocytosis

60
Q

fungal meningitis:

neoformans:

c immitis:

h capsulatum:

A

pigeon droppings

yeasts (fatal)

yeasts

just know it can also be from candida and s schenckii (soil)

61
Q

what will not be on labs for fungal meningitis?

A

NEUTROPHILS!!!

will have low glucose, india ink, cryptococcal antigen

62
Q

what steroid can we give in meningitis?

A

dexamethasone

63
Q

what bacteria is most fatal in meningitis?

A

s pneumo

64
Q

viral infection of the brain parenchymas?

A

encephalitis (meningioencephalitis if meningies also affected) (will see focal deficit like weakness, double vision, aphasia we wont see this shit in meningitis)

65
Q

mc virus in encephalitis?

A

HSV-1

66
Q

clinical of encephalitis:

A

fever, HA, profound AMS (confusion, behavioral, lethargy, coma), aphaisa, ataxia, UMN, LMN, CN deficits, seizures!!!

67
Q

CSF in encephalitis:

A

same as viral meningitis, lymphocytosis C is normal, lymphocytic plepcytosis (10-300)

68
Q

what will happen to the parenchymal in MRI of encephalitis?

A

light the fuck up (frontal/temporal involvement is HSV-1)

69
Q

management of encephalitis:

A

symptomatic tx is mainstay

acyclovir/valacyclovir if HSV

full recovery seen in most pts

Neuro (6 decks)

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