Brain tumor Flashcards
What is an astrocytoma?
Astrocytoma is a tumor which originates from astrocytes
- Does not usually spread outside of the brain and spinal chord
What is a medulloblastoma?
A type of brain cancer which starts in the Medulla within the cerebellum
What is an ependymoma?
A type of brain cancer originating from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the CSF
Name three types of brain tumors?
- Astrocytoma
- Ependymoma
- Medulloblastoma
What is a Craniopharyngioma?
A rare type of brain tumor derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue.
Where in the brain is an ‘Astrocytoma’ located?
Supratentorial within the Cerebral cortex - thalamus/hypothalamus
Symptoms of an ‘Astrocytoma’ (3)
- Seizures
- Hemiplegia
- Focal neurological signs
Where in the brain is an ‘Craniopharyngioma’ located?
Midline - Pituitary gland
Symptoms of an ‘Craniopharyngioma’ (3)
- Visual field loss - bitemporal hemianopia
2. Pituitary failure - growth failure, diabetes insipidus
Where in the brain is a ‘ Medulloblastoma’ located?
Posterior fossa - cerebellum
Symptoms of a ‘Meduloblastoma’ (3)
- Truncal ataxia
- Coordination difficulties
- Abnormal eye movements - squint
What is a major red flag for brain tumors in children?
Persistent back pain in children warrants investigation with MRI scan
What is the most common symptom in children with brain tumors?
Signs of raised intracranial pressure - head aches and vomiting
Gold standard investigation for brain tumors?
MRI scan
Mx of Brain tumors
- Surgery - most common method and aimed to treat hydrocephalus
- Radiotherapy /+ Chemotherapy may also be used
