Brain Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Grey Matter

A

Cell bodies location

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2
Q

White Matter

A

Fibers

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3
Q

Basal Ganglia

A
Subcortical part of brain
Voluntary motor control
Procedural learning (behaviors or habits)
Eye movement
Cognitive/emotional functions
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4
Q

Basal Ganglia made up of

A

Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Caudate Nucleus
Thalamus

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5
Q

Striatum

A

Putamen + caudate

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6
Q

Corpus Striatum

A

Striatum

Globus pallidus

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7
Q

Internal Capusle

A

Myelinated fibers that separate thalamus from putamen and globes pallidus nuclei
Part of corticospinal/corticobulbar tract

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8
Q

Lenticular nuclei

A

Kinked band of myelinated fibers that separate caudate nucleus/thalamus from globes pallidus/putament

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9
Q

Caudate Nucleus

A

Bounded on one side by lateral ventricle

Divided into head, body, tail

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10
Q

Endorphins

A

Chemicals that produce positve emotional state

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

Released by neurons in putamen

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12
Q

In Parkinson’s

A

Putamen cause excessive inhibition of thalamus -> leads to tremors and trouble with voluntary movement

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13
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes memory and emotional reactions

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14
Q

Basal Ganglia Defects

A

Changes in muscle tone
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
Dyskinesia

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15
Q

Akinesia

A

Loss of normal motor function resulting in impaired muscle movement

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16
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

17
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Impaired ability to make voluntary movements

Characterized by spasmodic/repetitive motions or lack of coordination

18
Q

Tremors

A

Resting tremor

Postural tremor when body is held in particular position

19
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, writhing movements of extremities (hands) and neck musculature

20
Q

Chorea

A

Quick, repeated, involuntary movements of distal extremity muscles/face/tongue
Associated with lesion of corpus striatum

21
Q

Huntington’s

A

Autosomal-dominant disorder

Onset between 35 and 45

22
Q

Huntington’s Pathophys

A

Mutation of gene on chromosome 4

Function of Huntingtin gene not known

23
Q

Huntington’s Pathology

A

Loss of neurons in caudate and putamen
Loss of GABA-ergic neurons in corpus striatum results in chorea
Cerebral cortex becomes atrophic

24
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Onset between 50 and 65

Characterized by tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia and balance problems

25
Q

Parkinson’s Signs

A

Slow, monotonous speech
Diminutive writing
Loss of fascial expression

26
Q

Parkinson’s Pathophys

A

Loss of pigmented (dopaminergic) neurons in substantia nigra

27
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Within telencephalon

28
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

Between 2 halves of diencephalon

29
Q

4th Ventricle

A

Within brain stem

Has 3 opening to outside of brain

30
Q

CSF Circulation

A

Produced by choroid plexus in ventricles -> lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> central canal & subarachnoid space -> return at superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid granulations