Brain Stem

Question 1

Midbrain

Answer 1

Midbrain, also called mesencephalon, serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

Question 2

Pons

Answer 2

The pons is the origin for four of the 12 cranial nerves, which enable a range of activities such as tear production, chewing, blinking, focusing vision, balance, hearing and facial expression. Named for the Latin word for “bridge,” the pons is the connection between the midbrain and the medulla.

Question 3

Medulla

Answer 3

At the bottom of the brainstem, the medulla is where the brain meets the spinal cord. The medulla is essential to survival. Functions of the medulla regulate many bodily activities, including heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The medulla produces reflexive activities such as sneezing, vomiting, coughing and swallowing.