Brain regions Flashcards
Medulla Oblongata origin
embryonic myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
-begins at magnum foramen of skull
-continuous with spinal cord
-all nerve fibers pass through from spinal cord to brain
Medulla Oblongata Functions
- vasomotor
2.cardiac - respiratory
- reflex center
-coughing, sneezing, gagging, ect
Medulla Cranial Nerves
VIII, IX, X, XII
Pons
anterior bulge in brainstem
Pons origin
develops from metencephalon
Pons Functions
Sensory roles: hearing, equilibrium, taste, facial sensations
Motor roles: eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, urination, and secretion of saliva and tears
Pons Cranial Nerves
V, VI, VII, VIII
Mid Brain
-Connects forebrain to hindbrain
-Tectum, Corpora Quadrigemina, Cerebral Peduncles
Midbrain Origin
embryonic mesencephalon
Corpora Quadrigemina
superior colliculi- visual attention, tracking movment, some reflexes
inferior colliculi- relays signals from inner ear to thalamus
Cerebral Peduncles
-two anterior stalks
-anchors cerebrum to brainstem
-each has three parts; tegmentum, substantia nigra, cerebral crus
Tegmentum
connects to and from cerebellum for motor control
substantia nigra
suppresses unwanted body movement
Cerebral crus
-connects cerebrum to pons
-carries sorticospinal tract
The Reticular Formation
loose web of grey matter that runs vertically through all levels of the brainstem
Reticular Formation Function
-Somatic motor control: balance, posture, motor coordination, Gaze center, patter generator for breathing and swallowing
-cardiovascular
-pain modulation
-sleep and consciousness
-habituation
Cerebellum Functions
-Motor Control
-Spatial Perception
-Time Keeping
-Hearing
-Planning/ Scheduling
Parts fo the Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus Functions
-motor control
-memory and emotional functions
Hypothalamus
forms wall and floor of thrid ventricle
Hypothalamus functions
-control center of ANS and endocrine system
-homeostatic regulation
-hormone secretion
-thermoregulation
-hunger, satiety, and thirst
-Rhythm of sleeping and waking
-memory
-emotional and sexual repsonses
Epithalamus
pineal gland secretes melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm
Cerebrum
-Largest and most conspicuous part of human brain
-two hemispheres divied by longitudinal fissure
-connected by corpus callosum
Frontal Lobe Functions
-Abstract thought
-explicit memory
-mood/emotional control
-planning
-voluntary motor control
-speech production
Parietal Lobe Functions
-Taste
-Sensory Integration
-visual processing
-language processing
-numerical awareness
Occipital Lobe Functions
-Visual Awareness
-Visual Proccessing
Temporal Lobe Functions
-Hearing
-Smell
-Emotion
-Learning
-Memory
-Language
Insula Functions
-Pain
-Taste
-Conciousness
-emotion/ empathy
-cardivascular homeostasis
The Limbic System
-center for emotion and LEARNING
Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala
-gratification and aversion
Basal Nuclei
masses of cerebral grey matter deep in the white matter, lateral to thalamus
