Brain Nuclei Flashcards
Sleep cycle/Circadian rhythm is driven by what nucleus of the hypothalamus?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - it receives direct retinal input
Patient presents with: hunger—> destruction leads to anorexia and failure to thrive (infants). Stimulated by ghrelin and inhibited by leptin.
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
Lateral Nucleus
Patient presents with: Satiety. Destruction (craniopharyngioma) leads to hyperphagia. Stimulated by leptin.
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
VentroMedial Nucleus
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
Cooling and parasympathetic.
Anterior Nucleus (AC cooling)
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
Heating, sympathetic.
Posterior Nucleus (Hot Pot!)
Where is ADH synthesized?
What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
Supraoptic nuclei - if lesioned will lead to Diabetes Insipidus (very dilute urine output)
This nuclei is responsible for thermoregulation and sexual behavior. Releases GnRH. What nucleus of the hypothalamus is being described?
If a lesion occurs, failure of GnRH-producing neurons to migrate from olfactory pit can lead to what pathology?
Preoptic nucleus
Lesion—> Kallman Syndrome
Thalamic nuclei:
Input from Spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus which senses vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, light touch, and temperature. What nucleus is being described?
Ventral Postero-Lateral nucleus
Thalamic nuclei:
Input from trigeminal and gustatory pathway. —> Face sensation and taste
What nucleus is being described?
Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus
Thalamic nuclei:
Input from CNII, optic chiasm, optic tract is responsible for vision.
What nucleus is being described and where is the destination?
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and the destination is the 1* visual cortex (calcrine sulcus)
Thalamic nuclei:
Input from superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum which senses hearing.
What nucleus is being described and where is it delivered to?
Medial geniculate nucleus and delivers to the Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe
(Medial-Music)
Thalamic nuclei:
Input from cerebellum and basal ganglia responsible for Motor functions.
What nucleus is being described and where is it delivered to?
Ventral lateral nucleus, and delivers to Motor Cortex.
What is the nucleus that makes oxytocin?
Paraventricular nucleus - it then travels down the infindibulum and is stores in the posterior pituitary lobe.
What nucleus produces hypothalamic releasing (GHRH) and inhibiting factors, and gives rise to tuberohypophysial tract?
Arcuate nucleus - has neurons that produce dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting factor). In addition, it also has a role in hunger and satiety.
What nucleus is being described: receives input from hippocampus. Hemorrhagic lesions can lead to Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Mammillary bodies
