Brain (Lec 19) Flashcards
Regions of the brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Diencephalon (hypothalamus/thalamus)
- Brain stem
Blood brain barrier’s significance
Body guard for substances into brain
- only allows certain substances to pass into brain tissue
- wraps around vessels that carry blood to brain
Ventricles of the brain
4 Chambers within the brain - lateral ventricles (2) (Within Cerebral hemispheres) - third ventricle (Within Diencephalon) - fourth ventricle (Between Brain stem & Cerebellum)
Functions of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- physically supports the brain (floats in this fluid)
- cushion for nervous tissue
- maintains ionic environment
- transport/exchange of nutrients/wastes
Describe the Meninges of the brain (and spinal cord)
3 layers of connective tissue surrounding brain& spinal cord
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Apia mater
- provide physical stability & shock absorption
What is A
Diencephalon (thalamus/hypothalamus)
Fluid filled sac
What is B
Brain stem
What is C
Cerebellum (looks like bell pepper)
What is D
Cerebrum
What is E
Midbrain
What is F
Pons
What is G
Medulla Oblongata
What is A
Longitudinal fissure
What is B
Corpus Callosum
What divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
What does the corpus callosum do
- largest of the commissural tracts
- axons transmits signals between the left and right hemispheres
What is the function of the association tract
Axons transmit signals between different regions of the same hemisphere
What is the function of the Projection tracts
Transmit signals between the cerebrum and other regions of the brain & spinal cord
What is A
Frontal lobe
What is B
Temporal lobe
What is C
Occipital lobe
What is D
Parietal lobe
What is E
Central sulcus
What is F
Lateral sulcus
What is G
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Functions of the frontal lobe
Motor functions and higher functions
Functions of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobe
Sensory functions
Functional areas of the frontal lobe
Voluntary movements
- loc: primary motor area
Memory bank
- loc: premotor area
Higher functions -intellect/learning
- loc: prefrontal cortex
Functional areas of parietal lobe
Somatic sensations
- loc: primary somatosensory area
Integration of information from variety of sensory inputs
- location: common integrative area
Functional areas of the temporal lobe
Auditory sensations
- location: primary auditory area
Olfactory sensations
- location: primary olfactory area
Functional areas of occipital lobe
Visual sensations
- loc: primary visual area
Major functions of cerebellum
- voluntary movement
- complex movement
- regulates muscle tone/posture/balance
Functions of the Thalamus
- relay sensory impulses to cerebral cortex
- helps maintain consciousness
Functions of the Hypothalamus
- regulate release of hormones from pituitary gland
- regulate activity in the ANS
- regulate emotions
Functions of the Midbrain
- motor reflex to visual/auditory stimuli
- voluntary movement
Functions of the Pons
- relay motor signals from cerebrum to cerebellum
- help control breathing
Functions of the medulla oblongata
- relay somatosensory signals from spinal cord to thalamus
- helps control breathing, heart rate and blood vessel diameter
- controls reflexes of swallowing, sneezing, coughing
What is Dura Mater
Tough fibrous outer layer of Meninges
What is arachnoid mater
Mesh like middle layer of Meninges
What is Pia Mater
Thin inner layer of meninges firmly bound to underlying nervous tissue
