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Anatomy > Brain Introduction > Flashcards

Brain Introduction Flashcards

0
Q

Grey matter

A

Tissue containing cell bodies of neurons.

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1
Q

Cortex

A

Outer, or most superficial, layer of an organ.

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2
Q

White matter

A

Tissue containing axons of neurons.

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3
Q

Primary brain vesicles

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

Secondary brain vesicles

A 
Telencephalon 
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
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5
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral cortex, white matter and basal ganglia

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6
Q

Diencephalon

A

Pineal gland, dorsal thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus

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7
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Brainstem

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8
Q

Superficial brain features

A

Gyri = elevated ridges
Sulci = shallow grooves
Fissures = deep grooves
Covered by meninges

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9
Q

Major sulci & gyri

A 
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Precentral sulcus
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
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10
Q

Lobes of the brain

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Temporal 
Occipital 
Limbic 
Insular (buried in lateral sulcus)
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11
Q

Corpus Callosum

A 
Major commissure, connection between cortical areas of similar 
function in both hemispheres
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12
Q

Function of frontal cortex

A

Supplementary motor area

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13
Q

Function of pre-central gyrus

A

Primary motor area control voluntary movements on contralateral side of body

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14
Q

Post-central gyrus

A

Primary somatosensory cortex & gustatory cortex

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15
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory association areas

16
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory and auditory association area

17
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex and visual association area

18
Q

Motor system: Overview

A

Produces muscle contraction on contralateral side of body

Controlling movement of feet in the upper part and those controlling movements of face and hands in the lower part

19
Q

Somatosensory cortex overview

A

Primary somatosensory cortex.
Nerve cells in this area receive and interpret sensations of pain, temperature, touch and pressure from contralateral side of body
Mostly face, hands and feet and also arms, legs and genitals

20
Q

Brain structures involved in movement production

A 
• Cerebral cortex 
• Thalamus 
• Basal ganglia 
• Brainstem 
• Cerebellum 
Motor pathways transfer information between these structures
21
Q

Thalamus

A

Largest division of diencephalon - composed of many nuclei.
Receives and processes precortical input from all sensory systems except olfactory system.
Then conveys information (projects) to the cerebral cortex

22
Q

Basal ganglia

A 
Sub-cortical grey matter nuclei. Essential component of extra-pyramidal motor system-> role in initiation & execution of motor 
activity.  
• Caudate nucleus 
• Putamen 
• Globus pallidus
23
Q

Total cerebral blood flow

A

~ 750mL/min

250mL/min from 2x carotid, 1x basilar arteries

24
Q

Arterial blood supply of brain

A 
Internal carotid (anterior circulation) 
Vertebral arteries (posterior circulation)
25
Q

Arteries of cerebrum

A

Anterior cerebral artery (branch of internal carotid artery)
Middle cerebral artery (branch of internal carotid artery)
Posterior cerebral artery (terminal branch of basilar artery)

26
Q

Distribution of Anterior Cerebral Artery ACA

A

Occlusion of Anterior Cerebral Artery will lead to sensorimotor function loss in lower limb & bladder weakness

27
Q

Distribution of Middle Cerebral Artery MCA

A 
Occlusion of Middle Cerebral Artery will lead to sensorimotor 
function loss primarily in face and hands
28
Q

Distribution of Posterior cerebral artery PCA

A

Posterior cerebral artery supplies occipital lobe and branches to the thalamus. Occlusion will lead to visual disturbances.
Possibly cause sensory losses on one side of body if thalamus deprived of blood.

58
Q

Pineal gland

A

Seep-wake cycle

Anatomy (15 decks)

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