Brain I

Question 0

what are the three layers of meninges from most superficial to deep?

Answer 0

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 1

what are the meninges?

Answer 1

CT covering that encloses and protects the brain

Question 2

what is the tough fibrous sack that surrounds the brain, which creates the dural folds and venous sinus system of the brain?

Answer 2

dura mater “tough mother”

also has firm attachment points to skull and sacrum

Question 3

what type of appearance does the arachnoid mater have and what fluid flows through it? what is it’s significance?

Answer 3

fine, web-like appearance

cerebral spinal fluid flows underneath it, subarachnoid space

Question 4

what is responsible for reabsorbing CSF and returning it back to the blood system?

Answer 4

arachnoid villi

Question 5

which layer of the meninges is impermeable to fluid and covers every area of the brain expect some areas of the ventricular system

Answer 5

pia mater

Question 6

what is located in the longitudinal fissure, separating hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 6

falx cerebri

Question 7

which dural fold separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe?

Answer 7

tentorium cerebelli

Question 8

which dural fold separates the cerebellar hemispheres in the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 8

falx cerebelli

Question 9

which dural fold covers the pituitary in it’s fossa

Answer 9

sellar diaphragm

Question 10

what are the denticulate ligaments?

Answer 10

specialized structures of the pia mater, thin ligamentous structures that emerge from the pia of the spinal cord and attach it to the dura mater. they are thought to stabilize the motion of the spinal cord.

Question 11

what is the filum terminale?

Answer 11

connective tissue cord continuous with the pia mater that extends from the lowest tip of the spinal cord (conus medullaris) to anchor the spinal cord at the level of the sacrum and coccyx

Question 12

what is the area called for lumbar punctures, drawing CSF or giving anesthesia?

Which vertebrae must you always insert needle under?

Answer 12

cauda equina, always must insert needle below L3

Question 13

what is the volume and pressure of cerebral spinal fluid?
how much CSF does the Choroid plexus produce per day?
how is CSF moved?

Answer 13

small volume: 150 ml
pressure: 10mmHg
450-500ml/day
propelled cranially from brain movements and pulsations from surface arteries

Question 14

what is the significance of CSF to the brain?

Answer 14

the brain “floats” in CSF
1500g of brain is 45g when suspended in CSF
cranial nerves and blood vessels are not crushed
arachnoid trabeculae hold brain in place

Question 15

what are the ventricles of the brain?

Answer 15

intracerebral spaces that CSF moves through

Question 16

how many lateral ventricles are there, where are they and what are they derived from?

Answer 16

2; spaces curve from medial part of hemispheres around into temporal lobes ; C shaped spaces derived from neural tube

Question 17

CSF flow from lateral ventricle into ________ via ________

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Answer 17

3rd ventricle; interventricular foramen of Monro

Question 18

what two spaces does the third ventricle lie between?

Answer 18

halves of the thalamus and hypothalamus