Brain Dysfunction - Raine

Question 1

Aim of Raine

Answer 1

Identify areas of brain dysfunction of NGRI individuals

Question 2

Method of Raine

Answer 2

Quasi experiment with matched pairs design

Question 3

Participants of Raine

Answer 3

41 people - (39 male 2 female)
- Charged with murder pleaded NGRI
- Mean age 34.3
- Referred to uni of Cali 
- 6 diagnosed with schizophrenia 
Control group matched on age and gender

Question 4

Procedure of Raine

Answer 4

7 Subject groups:
- Schizophrenia, head injury, drug abuse, affective disorder, epilepsy, hyperactivity, personality disorder

PET process:
Injection with glucose tracer then 32 minutes on target recognition task

Question 5

Results of Raine

Answer 5

• NGRI - reduced glucose metabolism in bilateral frontal cortex
• Abnormal asymmetries in the amygdala, thalamus and hippocampus
• Left hemisphere less activity than right

Question 6

Conclusions of Raine

Answer 6

Evidence - murderers pleading NGRI have significantly different patterns in the brain

Difference can be linked to behaviours that may predispose individuals towards violence