Brain-Cerebrum/Homeostatic disorders Flashcards
The ___ ___ is an outer rim of grey matter containing billions of neurons
Cerebral Cortex
White and Gray matter
In the ___ ___, deep to the cortex is cerebral white matter
There is also gray matter nuclei deep within the white matter
Cerebral Cortex
White and Gray matter
The cerebral cortex contains folds called a ___
Gyrus
A ____ is a shallow groove between gyri
Sulcus
Deeper grooves between gyri are termend ___
Fissures
The ____ fissure is the most prominent, separating the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres
longitudinal
The ___ and fissures are formed during embryonic development when the gray matter of the cortex enlarges faster than the deeper white matter
Gyri
Each hemisphere communicates by means of a commissure called the ___ ___
Corpus Callosum
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into four lobes, named after the bones that covers each of them
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
The ___ ___separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Central Sulcus
The ___-___ ___ separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
The ___ ___ sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes
Lateral Cerebral sulcus
___ ___ contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere
Association Tracts
___ ___ contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other hemisphere. The corpus callosum is an example
Commissural Tracts
___ ___ contain myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses from the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS (such as thalamus, brainstem, or spinal cord), or from lower parts of the CNS to the cerebrum. The internal capsule is an example
Projection tracts
These are important groups of ___ ___ are
Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Commissural tracts
The ___ ___ is composed of three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere
Basal ganglia
*Name is an exception to the normal meaning of ganglia, since the term ganglia is usually applied to collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
The three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere of the basal ganglia?
Globus Pallidus
Putamen
Caudate Nucleus
The three nuclei of the basal ganglia are further grouped into
-Corpus Striatum- (all 3) Globulus Pallidus Putamen Caudate Nucleus
and
-Lentiform-Nucleus (only Globus Pallidus and Putamen)
The caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia and the thalamus are separated from the lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia by the ___ ___, a thick band of white matter lateral to the thalamus.
Internal Capsule
The ___ ___ help regulate initiation and termination of movements, and control inconscient (unconscious) contractions of skeletal muscles, and muscle tone
Basal Ganglia
___ ___, in which melanin-pigmented dopamine-producing neurons of the basal ganglia degenerate
Parkinsons Disease
___ ___ which primarily involves damage to the corpus striatum
Huntington’s Disease
Damage to the ___ ___ results in uncontrollable shaking (tremor), muscular rigidity (stiffness), and involuntary muscle movements.
Basal Ganglia
The ___ ___ is our emotional, or affective (feelings) brain. It is sometimes called the “emotional brain” because it plays a primary role in a range of emotions: pain, pleasure, docility, affection, and anger
Limbic System
Hippocampus Amygdala Limbic lobe Dentate gyrus Cingulate gyrus Mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus Anterior and medial nuclei of the thalamus Olfactory bulbs Fornix
are components of the ___ ___
Limbic System
The ___ plays an important part in converting new information into long-term memories
Hippocampus
The ___ are also involved in behavioral patterns such as docile behavior, rage, presence or absence of fear and aggression, and restlessness
Amygdala (amygdaloid nuclei)
___ ___ synapse with the olfactory receptors, and the mammillary bodies are olfactory relay stations
Olfactory bulbs
