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A&P I Exam 3 > Brain and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 areas of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, & hindbrain

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2
Q

what are the 5 regions of the brain

A

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, & Mylencephalon

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3
Q

what are the parts of the forebrain

A

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
neurohypophysis

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4
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe

A

motor

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5
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe

A

sensory

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6
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe

A

auditory

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7
Q

what is the function of the occipital lobe

A

visual

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8
Q

what divides the right hemisphere and left hemisphere

A

longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

what does the right hemisphere do

A

recognize faces & objects, music & art skills

& emotion

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10
Q

what does the left hemisphere do

A

language, speech, reading, learning, math, & Science;

found in the Telencephalon

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11
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

sorts messages & sends to appropriate lobe of Cerebrum;

found in the Diencephalon

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12
Q

what does the hypothalamus do

A

regulates temperature, hunger, thirst, & sex drive;

found in the Diencephalon

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13
Q

what does the neurohypophysis do

A

part of posterior pituitary gland; looks like nervous tissue; releases ADH & oxytocin

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14
Q

what are the parts of the midbrain

A

superior colliculi
inferior colliculi
cerebral peduncles

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15
Q

what does the superior colliculi do

A

process visual information;

found in the Mesencephalon

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16
Q

what does the inferior colliculi

A

process auditory information;

found in the Mesencephalon

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17
Q

what does the cerebral peduncles do

A

process motor information;

found in the Mesencephalon

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18
Q

what are the parts of the hindbrain

A

cerebellum
pons
medulla oblongata

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19
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

balance & motor coordination;

arbor vitae/tree of life – white matter is inner tissue in brain;

found in the Metencephalon

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20
Q

what does the pons do

A

regulates timing of inhalation;

apneustic center – extends;

pneumotaxic center – decreases;

found in the Metencephalon

21
Q

what does the medulla oblongata do

A

brainstem;

attached brain to spinal cord;

regulates vital functions;

found in the Mylencephalon

22
Q

meninges

A

Connective tissue membranes that envelop the brain (and spinal cord)

Protect brain and provide structural framework for its arteries and veins

23
Q

dura mater

A

outer membrane; fibrous connective tissue; adjacent to skull; cushion and protect

24
Q

arachnoid mater

A

middle membrane; web-like; filters CSF (cerebro-spinal fluid)

25
Q

pia mater

A

inner membrane; touches brain; passage of blood vessels and nerves

26
Q

flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

*have to know

A

1.CSF is secreted by choroid plexus in each lateral ventricle

  1. CSF flows through interventricular foramina into third ventricle
  2. Choroid plexus in third ventricle adds more CSF
  3. CSF flows down cerebral aqueduct to fourth ventricle
  4. Choroid plexus in fourth ventricle adds more CSF
  5. CSF flows out two lateral apertures and one median aperture
  6. CSF fills subarachnoid space and bathes external surfaces of brain and spinal cord
  7. At arachnoid granulations, CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood of dural venous sinuses
27
Q

functions of CSF

A
  1. buoyancy
  2. protection
  3. chemical stability
  4. prevention of brain ischemia
  5. clearing waste
28
Q

buoyancy

A

the brain exists in neutral buoyancy, which allows the brain to maintain its density without being impaired by its own weight

29
Q

protection

A

CSF protects/ cushions the brain tissue from injury when jolted or hit

30
Q

chemical stability

A

can control glycine concentration, temperature, pH balance

31
Q

prevention of brain ischemia

A

The prevention of brain ischemia (insufficient blood flow to the brain) is made by decreasing the amount of CSF in the limited space inside the skull. This decreases totalintracranial pressure and facilitates bloodperfusion.

32
Q

clearing waste

A

CSF has been shown by the research group ofMaiken Nedergaardto be critical in the brain’slymphatic system, which plays an important role in flushing metabolic toxins or waste from the brain’s tissues’ cellular interstitial fluid (ISF).CSF flushing of wastes from brain tissue is further increased during sleep, which results from the opening of extracellular channels controlled through the contraction of glials cells, which allows for the rapid influx of CSF into the brain.These findings indicate that CSF may play a large role during sleep in clearing metabolic waste, likebeta amyloid, that are produced by the activity in the awake brain.

33
Q

alpha waves

A

are recorded especially in the Parieto-occipital area; they dominate when a person is awake and resting, with the eyes closed and the mind wandering; they are suppressed when the person opens the eyes, receives specific sensory stimulation, or engages in a mental task such as performing mathematical calculations

34
Q

beta waves

A

occur in the frontal to parietal region; they dominate during mental activity and sensory stimulation

35
Q

theta waves

A

are normal in children and in drowsy or sleeping adults; presence in awake adults suggests emotional stress or brain disorders

36
Q

delta waves

A

exhibited in awake infants; exhibited in adults in deep sleep; presence in awake adults indicates serious brain damage

37
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory; smell;

if damaged: loss of smell

38
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic; vision;

if damaged: blindness

39
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor; eye movement & lid tone;

if damaged:drooping upper eye lid

40
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear; move eye superior;

if damaged: eye looks down

41
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal; facial muscles;

if damaged:paralysis of facial muscles

42
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens; lateral eye movement;

if damaged: eye pulled medial (cross-eyed)

43
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial; taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue;

if damaged: loss of taste

44
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear; posture & hearing;

if damaged: loss of balance & hearing

45
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal; taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue;

if damaged: loss of taste

46
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus; muscles of viscera;

if damaged: loss of organ function

47
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory; swallowing & head movement;

if damaged: difficulty in swallowing

48
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal; speech & swallowing;

if damaged: difficulty in speaking & swallowing

A&P I Exam 3 (8 decks)

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