Brain Anatomy Flashcards
Gyri- hills; sulci/fissures- valleys
On the right the arachnoid mater is still there
Notice how the gyri are running anterior-posterior until you see two running medial-lateral. In between those is the central sulcus, surrounded by the pre- and postcentral gyri
For the frontal lobe, there are 3 gyri and 2 sulci, each occupying about 1/3rd of the volume
What is the stick in?
superior frontal sulcus (not a complete line)
Inferior frontal sulcus
Frontal pole
Occipital pole and lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
Corpus collosum
singulate gyrus, part of the limbic system (rings the corpus collosum)
singulate sulcus (seperates the singulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus)
Middle stick= marginal branch of the singulate sulcus
bottom most stick: Calcerin fissure (perpenidicular to the parieto-occipital sulcus)- primary visual cortex surrounds this
Above the fissure= cuneus gyrus
Below the fissure= lingual gyrus
He is pointing to the pre-cuneus
What surrounds the central sulcus?
the paracentral lobule (top stick- aorund it)
The anterior end of the neural tube is the _____
lamina terminalis- forms the border between the telencephalon and the dienencephalon in the mature brain
bottom left stick- every thing in front is telencephalon, and behind is dienecephalon
In the cerebellum, the white matter is deep to the gray matter and forms what?
the arbor vitae (‘the tree of life’)- what hes pointing to
What is he pointing to?
the connection between the lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle- the interventricular foramen of Monro
Stick is pointed at the border of the dienencephalon and the mesencephalon
Inferior border of the mesencephalon
Inferior border of the metencephalon
the projection is the massa intermedia/thalamic adhesion (85% of brains have one)- part of the thalamic gray matter
hypothalamus
dorsal thalamus
this ridge is the striatum medullaris thalami (a white matter tract)
the striatum medullaris thalami ends at a swelling called the hebenula
the anterior commisure
pre-optic recess of the hypothalamus
Mammillary body- part of the hypothalamus (terminus of the fibers in the fornex)
The Sylvian aqueduct lies in what part of the brain?
mesencephalon
the tectum (roof of the aqueduct)
Top of the tectum, made up of the 4 bumps called the corpora quadrigemina
and surrounded by the two superior and inferior colliculi
3rd ventricle
Pineal gland
body, or tegmentum, of the mesencephalon
the pons, with the basis pontis
medulla
4th ventricle
olfactory bulb and tract
CN III coming out of the mesencephalon
CN V
also CN V
CN VI
general location of CN VII (more anterior) and VIII
CN IX, X, and XI come off the lateral side of the medulla
lateral geniculate nucleus, where the optic tract ends
bracium of the inferior colliculus
the medial genculate body, aka the auditory thalamus
ACom
All neocortex, with the grey matter outside the white matter (aka the corona radiata- the pattern)
2nd cut- the space will be the lateral ventricle
3rd cut- more lateral ventricle with some the caudate forming the lateral wall
4th cut- lateral ventricle with the white corpus collosum directly above it and the singulate gyrus above that
notice that there is white matter spliting the grey matter (the cuadate). the white matter is the internal capsule (anterior limb to be specific)- this splits two nuclei, below it is the putamen and above it is the cuadate (together known as the striatum)
the small white horiztonal band under the putamen is part of the anterior commisure
at the bottom can see the optic tract and right above it is the hypothalamus
Near the inferior horn of the ventricle, you can see the amygdala which is solid grey
the insula
the lateral fissure
5th cut:
Can still see the caudate making up the lateral half of the ventricle wall and the internal capsule seperating it from the lenticular nucleus, composed of the darker putamen and the lighter globbis pallidus
5th cut closeup:
lateral to the putamen is a white line called the external capsule, another grey line (the clostrum), and yet another white outline called the extreme capsule
5th cut: closeup
pointing to the gray thalamus
and below it is the brainstem- the internal capsule becomes continuous with the crus cerebri
5th cut: closeup
pointing to the temporal lobe, where we are behind the amygdala and we are looking at the hippocampal formation (with the white matter on the outside (opposite to the cortex where gray is on the outside))
6th cut:
caudate is getting smaller and the thalamus (below the ventricle) is becoming much larger
the putamen is still slightly visible but small, but we are behind the globbus pallidus
the balck stuff under the crus cerebri is the substantia nigra (black b/c there is melanin). Medial to it is the red nucleus
in the hippocampus you can see a flap called the fimbria which are condensed fibers that will form the fornex
7th cut: behind the lenticular nucleus so the white matter is the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule
can still see small caudate and a large thalamus
Sagittal cut 1: all corona radiata with grey matter outside
Sagittal cut 2: cute into the lateral ventricle
Sagittal cut 2: closeup: you can see the bump of the caudate
Sagittal cut 3: can see the horizontal internal capsule and the dark caudate
Sagittal cut 3: from the under side
pointing to the fornex
Sagittal cut 4: in between the ventricle sections you can see the head of the caudate ventrally (dark), the lateral putamen and the light internal capsule (with the anterior limb seperating the lenticular nucleus from the caudate and the posterior limb seperating the lenticular nucleus from the thalamus)
Sagittal cut 5: still have posterior ventricle
lots of thalamus and hypothalmus above it
Sagittal cut 6: almost all temporal lobe with the anterior horn of the ventricle ending at the grey mass of the amgydala
