Brain Anatomy

Question 1

Gyri- hills; sulci/fissures- valleys

On the right the arachnoid mater is still there

Answer 1

Notice how the gyri are running anterior-posterior until you see two running medial-lateral. In between those is the central sulcus, surrounded by the pre- and postcentral gyri

Question 2

For the frontal lobe, there are 3 gyri and 2 sulci, each occupying about 1/3rd of the volume

What is the stick in?

Answer 2

superior frontal sulcus (not a complete line)

Question 3

Inferior frontal sulcus

Answer 3

Frontal pole

Question 4

Occipital pole and lobe

Answer 4

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 5

Corpus collosum

Answer 5

singulate gyrus, part of the limbic system (rings the corpus collosum)

Question 6

singulate sulcus (seperates the singulate gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus)

Answer 6

Middle stick= marginal branch of the singulate sulcus

Question 7

bottom most stick: Calcerin fissure (perpenidicular to the parieto-occipital sulcus)- primary visual cortex surrounds this

Above the fissure= cuneus gyrus

Below the fissure= lingual gyrus

Answer 7

He is pointing to the pre-cuneus

Question 8

What surrounds the central sulcus?

Answer 8

the paracentral lobule (top stick- aorund it)

Question 9

The anterior end of the neural tube is the _____

Answer 9

lamina terminalis- forms the border between the telencephalon and the dienencephalon in the mature brain

bottom left stick- every thing in front is telencephalon, and behind is dienecephalon

Question 10

In the cerebellum, the white matter is deep to the gray matter and forms what?

Answer 10

the arbor vitae (‘the tree of life’)- what hes pointing to

Question 11

What is he pointing to?

Answer 11

the connection between the lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle- the interventricular foramen of Monro

Question 12

Stick is pointed at the border of the dienencephalon and the mesencephalon

Answer 12

Inferior border of the mesencephalon

Question 13

Inferior border of the metencephalon

Answer 13

the projection is the massa intermedia/thalamic adhesion (85% of brains have one)- part of the thalamic gray matter

Question 14

hypothalamus

Answer 14

dorsal thalamus

Question 15

this ridge is the striatum medullaris thalami (a white matter tract)

Answer 15

the striatum medullaris thalami ends at a swelling called the hebenula

Question 16

the anterior commisure

Answer 16

pre-optic recess of the hypothalamus

Question 17

Mammillary body- part of the hypothalamus (terminus of the fibers in the fornex)

Question 18

The Sylvian aqueduct lies in what part of the brain?

Answer 18

mesencephalon

Question 19

the tectum (roof of the aqueduct)

Answer 19

Top of the tectum, made up of the 4 bumps called the corpora quadrigemina

and surrounded by the two superior and inferior colliculi

Question 20

3rd ventricle

Answer 20

Pineal gland

Question 21

body, or tegmentum, of the mesencephalon

Answer 21

the pons, with the basis pontis

Question 22

medulla

Answer 22

4th ventricle

Question 23

olfactory bulb and tract

Answer 23

CN III coming out of the mesencephalon

Question 24

CN V

Answer 24

also CN V

Question 25

CN VI

Answer 25

general location of CN VII (more anterior) and VIII

Question 26

CN IX, X, and XI come off the lateral side of the medulla

Question 27

lateral geniculate nucleus, where the optic tract ends

Answer 27

bracium of the inferior colliculus

Question 28

the medial genculate body, aka the auditory thalamus

Question 29

ACom

Question 30

All neocortex, with the grey matter outside the white matter (aka the **corona radiata**- the pattern)

Answer 30

2nd cut- the space will be the lateral ventricle

Question 31

3rd cut- more lateral ventricle with some the caudate forming the lateral wall

Answer 31

4th cut- lateral ventricle with the white corpus collosum directly above it and the singulate gyrus above that notice that there is white matter spliting the grey matter (the cuadate). the white matter is the internal capsule (anterior limb to be specific)- this splits two nuclei, below it is the putamen and above it is the cuadate (together known as the striatum) the small white horiztonal band under the putamen is part of the anterior commisure at the bottom can see the optic tract and right above it is the hypothalamus

Question 32

Near the inferior horn of the ventricle, you can see the amygdala which is solid grey

Question 33

the insula

Answer 33

the lateral fissure

Question 34

5th cut: Can still see the caudate making up the lateral half of the ventricle wall and the internal capsule seperating it from the lenticular nucleus, composed of the darker putamen and the lighter globbis pallidus

Answer 34

5th cut closeup: lateral to the putamen is a white line called the external capsule, another grey line (the clostrum), and yet another white outline called the extreme capsule

Question 35

5th cut: closeup pointing to the gray _thalamus_ and below it is the brainstem- the internal capsule becomes continuous with the crus cerebri

Answer 35

5th cut: closeup pointing to the temporal lobe, where we are behind the amygdala and we are looking at the hippocampal formation (with the white matter on the outside (opposite to the cortex where gray is on the outside))

Question 36

6th cut: caudate is getting smaller and the thalamus (below the ventricle) is becoming much larger the putamen is still slightly visible but small, but we are behind the globbus pallidus the balck stuff under the crus cerebri is the substantia nigra (black b/c there is melanin). Medial to it is the red nucleus in the hippocampus you can see a flap called the fimbria which are condensed fibers that will form the fornex

Question 37

7th cut: behind the lenticular nucleus so the white matter is the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule can still see small caudate and a large thalamus

Question 38

Sagittal cut 1: all corona radiata with grey matter outside

Answer 38

Sagittal cut 2: cute into the lateral ventricle

Question 39

Sagittal cut 2: closeup: you can see the bump of the caudate

Answer 39

Sagittal cut 3: can see the horizontal internal capsule and the dark caudate

Question 40

Sagittal cut 3: from the under side pointing to the fornex

Answer 40

Sagittal cut 4: in between the ventricle sections you can see the head of the caudate ventrally (dark), the lateral putamen and the light internal capsule (with the anterior limb seperating the lenticular nucleus from the caudate and the posterior limb seperating the lenticular nucleus from the thalamus)

Question 41

Sagittal cut 5: still have posterior ventricle lots of thalamus and hypothalmus above it

Answer 41

Sagittal cut 6: almost all temporal lobe with the anterior horn of the ventricle ending at the grey mass of the amgydala