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Anatomy Lab > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the directional term used in place of “anterior” in the brain?

A

Rostral

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2
Q

What is the directional term used in place of “posterior” in the brain?

A

Caudal

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3
Q

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
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4
Q

Name the 4 ventricles of the brain

A
  1. Right lateral ventricle
  2. Left lateral ventricle
  3. Third ventricle
  4. Fourth ventricle
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5
Q

What creates cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles?

A

Choroid plexus

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6
Q

What are the 3 functions of cerebrospinal fluid?

A
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Protection
  3. Chemical stability
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7
Q

Name the 6 steps in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid

A
  1. Choroid plexus of both lateral ventricles produce CSF
  2. CSF flows through the interventricular foramina
  3. Into the third ventricle
  4. Through the mesencephalic aqueduct
  5. Into the fourth ventrilce
  6. And into the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid and pia mater
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8
Q

Describe hydrocephaly

A

Swelling of the head caused by overproduction or blockage of CSF

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9
Q

Describe meningitis

A

Swelling of the brain caused by bacterial infections of the meninges

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the extensive folds of the brain?

A

To increase surface area of the brain

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11
Q

Name the 4 cranial lobes

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
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12
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Higher thought

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13
Q

What does the precentral gyrus function as?

A

Primary motor cortex. Controls voluntary movements of specific body parts

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14
Q

What does Broca’s Area control?

A

The formation of speech

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15
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Integrates sensory information

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16
Q

What does the postcentral gyrus function as?

A

Primary somatic cortex; receives sensory information

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17
Q

What does Wernicke’s Area control?

A

Understanding of written and spoken word

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18
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Allows for visual accuity

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19
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Allows for auditory, olfactory (smell), and gustatory (taste) interpretation

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20
Q

What does the left cerebral hemisphere control?

A

Language and reasoning

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21
Q

What does the right cerebral hemisphere control?

A

Artistic awareness, imagination, and music comprehension

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22
Q

What connects the left and right hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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23
Q

Identify corpus callosum

A

Identify

24
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relay center that receives almost all the sensory information from the body on its way to the cerebral cortex

25
Q

Identify thalamus

A

Identify

26
Q

Identify hypothalamus

A

Identify

27
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Contains hormones for growth, blood pressure, pregnancy, and sex organ development

28
Q

Identify pituitary gland

A

Identify

29
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Secretes melatonin and allows for circadian rhythm

30
Q

Identify pineal gland

A

Identify

31
Q

What structures make up the corpora quadrigemina? (midbrain)

A

Superior and Inferior colliculi

32
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculi?

A

Allows for the tracking of moving objects

33
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculi?

A

Allow for auditory reflex to abrupt sound

34
Q

Identify superior and inferior colliculi

A

Identify

35
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Relays signals from the cerebrum to the cerebellum; associated with sleep, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expression/sensation, respiration, swallowing, and bladder control

36
Q

Identify pons

A

Identify

37
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Involved in autonomic functions, reflex centers for coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, salivation, and sweating

38
Q

Identify medulla oblongata

A

Identify

39
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Functions for muscle coordination, maintains posture, and conceptualizes the passage of time

40
Q

What is the proper name for the “tree of life” in the cerebellum?

A

Arbor Vitae

41
Q

What is the name for the ridges of the arbor vitae?

A

Folia

42
Q

Identify cerebellum

A

Identify

43
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial
  8. Vestibulocochlear
  9. Glossopharyngeal
  10. Vagus
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal
44
Q

Identification and function of olfactory nerve (I)

A

Receives sensory information from the nose

45
Q

Identification and function of optic nerve (II)

A

Receives sensory information from the eye

46
Q

Identification and function of oculomotor nerve (III)

A

Transmits motor information to the eye

47
Q

Identification and function of trochlear nerve (IV)

A

Transmits motor information to the eye

48
Q

Identification and function of trigeminal nerve (V)

A

Transmits sensory information from the head and motor information to the head

49
Q

Identification and function of abducens nerve (VI)

A

Transmits motor information to the eye

50
Q

Identification and function of facial nerve (VII)

A

Receives sensory information from the tongue and transmits motor information to the head

51
Q

Identification and function of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

A

Receives sensory information from the ear

52
Q

Identification and function of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A

Receives sensory information from the tongue on taste; transmits motor information for salivation, swallowing, and gagging

53
Q

Identification and function of vagus nerve (X)

A

Receives sensory information from the abdomen to control autonomic functions of the heart, digestive organs, spleen and kidney; transmits motor information to the tongue for swallowing and speech

54
Q

Identification and function of accessory nerve (XI)

A

Transmits motor information to the neck

55
Q

Identification and function of hypoglossal nerve (XII)

A

Transmits motor information to the tongue

56
Q

Recite the mnemonic for the cranial nerves

A

OLd OPie OCCasionally TRies TRIGonometry And Feels Very GLOomy VAGUe And HYPOactive

Anatomy Lab (16 decks)

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