brain Flashcards
primary brain vesicles
- prosencephalon (forebrain)
- mesencephalon (midbrain)
- rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
secondary brain vesicles
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- metencephalon
- mylencephalon
telencephalon (adult)
- cerebral hemispheres including basal nuclei
diencephalon (adult)
- thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, sub thalamus, retina
mesencephalon (adult)
- midbrain
metencephalon (adult)
- pons
- cerebellum
mylencephalon (adult)
- medulla oblongata
prosencephalon (secondary)
- telencephalon
- diencephalon
mesencephalon (Secondary)
- mesencephalon
rhombencephalon (secondary)
- metencephalon
- telencephalon
lateral ventricles run
- cerebral hemispheres
3rd ventricle runs
- all thalamus
cerebral aqueduct runs
- midbrain
4th ventricle runs
- pons, cerebellum, medulla
central canal
- spinal cord
parts of cerebrum
- cerebral cortex
- cerebral medulla
- basal nuclei
cerebral cortex
- gray matter
- cell bodies and dendrites of neurons of the cerebral lobes
cerebral medulla
- white matter
- axons of neurons
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- projection fibers
basal nuclei
- internal gray matter/ islands of gray inside white matter
- cell bodies and dendrites of subcortical neurons
frontal lobe
- somatic motor areas
- premotor cortex
- primary somatic motor cortex: cell bodies of upper motor neurons
parietal lobe
- sensory areas and related association areas
- primary somatosensory cortex: axon terminals of somatic sensory
- somatosensory association cortex
pre central gyrus
- primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus
- primary somatosensory cortex
occipital lobe
- vision
- visual association area
- primary visual cortex
temporal lobe
- hearing
- primary auditory cortex
- auditory association cortex
broca’s area
- language
- forming words
- control tongue, lips, cheeks
- motor part of speech
- in frontal lobe
wernicke’s area
- language
- interpret what you are hearing and associate meaning to sound
- temporal and parietal lobes
piriform lobe
- olfaction
- primary olfactory complex
- olfactory signals go straight to piriform lobe, skipping the thalamus
insular lobe
- visceral sensation (heart racing, stomach hurts)
- gustatory cortex
- vestibule cortex
anterior association area
- prefrontal cortex
- memory, planning, higher order function, intellect, learning
- matures slowly
posterior association area
- junction of occipital, temporal and parietal lobes
- wernicke’s area
- perception and language
- organizing sensory info
basal nuclei
- involved in somatic motor control
diencephalon
- everything thalamus and retina
thalamus
- relay center for info going to and from cerebral cortex
sub thalamic nuclei
- work with basal nuclei in somatic motor control
epithalamus
- pineal gland and habenula
pineal gland
- stimulated to produce melatonin and inhibited by light
habenula
- multiple nuclei that affect sleep/wake cycle, pain, reward processing, reproductive behavior, nutrition, stress responses and learning
hypothalamus
- visceral control center of body
- ANS control center
- control center of endocrine system
- regulate sleep/wake cycle
- body temperature
- hunger and satiety
- osmoreceptors (thirst)
Brainstem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
midbrain
- tectum
- tegmentum
- cerebral peduncles
tectum
- corpora quadrigemini
- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi
superior colliculi
- visual reflexes (movement of head, eyes, and body toward stimulus)
inferior colliculi
- hearing reflexes and coordination of hearing and vision
tegmentum
- nuclei of cranial nerves
- medial lemniscus
- reticular formation
- red nuclei
- substantia nigra
medial lemniscus
- tracts of sensory axons
reticular formation
- filters sensory info
red nuclei
- nuclei for somatic motor
substantia nigra
- involved in somatic motor
cerebral peduncles
- motor axons
pons
- medial lemniscus
- tracts of motor axons
- pontine nuclei
pontine nuclei
- nuclei of cranial nerves
- reticular formation
- connect motor cortex to the cerebellum
- respiratory center
medulla oblongata
- nuclei of cranial nerves
- medial lemniscus
- pyramids
- olives
- reticular formation
- centers for other reflexes
medulla pyramids
- tracts of motor axons
medulla olives
- inferior olivary nuclei
- relay proprioception to cerebellum
medulla reticular formation
- vasomotor (arterial diameter), cardiac, respiratory centers
medulla centers for other reflexes
- swallowing, hiccuping committing, coughing, sneezing
cerebellum receives info from
- cerebrum via thalamus (somatic motor, vision, balance)
- proprioceptors
- vestibular nuclei of brainstem
parts of cerebellum
- lateral hemispheres separated by vermis
- flocculonodular lobe
lateral hemispheres/vermis of cerebellum
- plan body movements
flocculonodular lobes
- receive sensory info form vestibular and visual system
- adjust posture and eye movements to maintain balance
