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Ear Anatomy Final > brain > Flashcards

brain Flashcards

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1
Q

medical geniculate body MGB

A

final processing stage before the signal reaches the cortex
located in the thalamus
no decussations occur here

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2
Q

limbic system

A

receives sensory information and sends signals to centers that control behavior, memory, hormone, and autonomic nervous system functions

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3
Q

inferior colliculus

A

plays a role in coding binaural info
receives stimulation from both SOCs
located in midbrain

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4
Q

Place Coding

A

mapping of stimulus frequencies to a place on the basilar membrane is reffered

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5
Q

place theory

A

theory explaining the process of hearing based on place coding

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6
Q

tonotopic organization

A

correspondence between stimulation frequency and place

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7
Q

place theory

A

nuerons fire on the basilar membrane determine the frequency

how much area is affected determines the intensity

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8
Q

Temporal/ frequency theory

A

process of hearing is based on the firing rate and patterns of nerve fibers

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9
Q

Central Auditory Nervous System

A

sound processing network of afferent and efferent auditory fiber tracts and nuclei

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10
Q

anterior

A

toward the front

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11
Q

posterior

A

toward the back

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12
Q

inferior

A

toward the bottom

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13
Q

superior

A

toward the top

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14
Q

medial

A

towards the middle

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15
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

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16
Q

sagittal

A

divides the body into right and left parts

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17
Q

frontal/coronal

A

divides the body into front and back

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18
Q

transverse

A

divides the body into top and bottom parts

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19
Q

horizontal

A

parallel with the horizon

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20
Q

what are the three primary regions of the brain

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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21
Q

what does the forebrain consist of

A

cerebral hemisphere

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22
Q

what are the four lobes of the forebrain

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

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23
Q

2 systems of the forebrain

A

limbic system

insula system

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24
Q

where is the midbrain located

A

superior portion of the brainstem

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25
what does the hindbrain include
medulla oblongata pons cerebellum
26
medulla oblongata
connected with the spinal cord by the foramen magnum
27
where is the cerebellum located
behind the pons and medulla
28
how is the cerebellum connected to the medulla, pons, and midbrain
fiber tracts
29
what is the cerebellum associated with
balance system
30
cerebellopontine angle (CPA)
where the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons join
31
cochlear nucleus
located in the medulla of the hindbrain | only receives input ipsilaterally
32
ipsilaterally
located or affects the same side
33
contralaterally
located or affects the opposite side (ear)
34
what are the 2 divisions of the cochlear nuclei
ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) | dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN)
35
what happens when the cochlear nerve will split
part will descend to the VCN | other part descends to the DCN
36
tonotopicity
the spatial representation of the frequency layout of the cochlea in retrocochlear (past the cochlea) structures
37
cochlear nucleus
basal turn fibers go to one area | apical turn fibers go to another
38
trapezoid body
located in the pons | first decussation in the auditory pathway
39
decussation
crossover point that unites symmetrical portions of the brain's two halves
40
superior olivary complex (SOC)
group of nuclei in the pons | first place to get binaural signals (ipsilateral and contralateral CN)
41
interaural timing difference (ITD)
time of sound arrival at the two ears
42
interaural intensity difference (IID)
the intensity difference at the two ears
43
what determines the location of low frequency sounds
ITD interaural timing difference
44
what determines the location of high frequency sounds
IID interaural intensity differences
45
lateral lemniscus
receives projections from the SOC | fiber tract from pons (hindbrain) to midbrain
46
what is the largest CANS fibers tract
lateral lemniscus
47
inferior colliculus
second site that plays role in coding binaural info | in midbrain
48
medical geniculate body (MGB)
final processing stage before the signal reaches the cortex located in the thalamus (forebrain) no decussations occur here
49
how do sounds cause specific emotions
connection between the MGB and the limbic system
50
limbic system
receives sensory info and sends signals to centers that control behavior, memory, hormone, and autonomic nervous system functions
51
heschl's gyrus
receives and synthesizes auditory info coming from the MGB that has been processed at various stages within the brainstem, midbrain, and thalamus located in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex (forebrain)
52
heschls gyrus
receives signals from both ears but primarily signals form the contralateral ear
53
temporal lobe
frequency characteristics of sound
54
insular area
temporal aspects of sound
55
parietal lobe
association of sound with past experiences
56
frontal lobe
memory of sound
57
right ear advantage
most people process speech better when it is directed toward the right ear
58
olivocochlear bundle (OCB)
efferent fibers from the superior olivary complex controls the electromotility of the outer hair cells reduces (inhibits) outer hair cell activity decreases the amplification of the auditory signal at the level of the cochlea
59
inhibition of OHC motility
improves detection, localization, and perception of speech in background noise
60
After the signal leaves the cochlea through the nerve fibers where does it go first
internal auditory canal
61
if it is a high frequency sound, where will the nerve fiber be located in the cochlear nerve that is going through the IAC
on the outside of the nerve bundle
62
there are six major nuclei and 1 fiber tract the nerve signal will go in the afferent system what are they
``` cochlear nucleus trapezoid body superior olivary complex lateral lemniscus inferior colliculus medial geniculate body heschls gyrus ```
63
in the efferent system what is the nerve bundle that comes from the superior olivary complex called
olivocochlear bundle (OHC)
64
3 primary regions and their locations
forebrain>cerebral hemisphere, cerebral cortex midbrain>superior portion of the brainstem hindbrain> tail of brainstem (housing medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum)
65
4 main lobes
frontal lobe parietal occipital temporal
66
2 systems
limbic | insula
67
3 parts of the hindbrain and location
medulla oblongata> connected to the spinal cord through the foramen magnum pons> superior to the medulla cerebllum> connected posteriorly to medulla oblongataand pons by fiber tracts
68
purpose of cerebellum
balance; produces changes in skeletal muscle tone and maintain posture and coordinate movement
69
How many nerve fibers are in the vestibular and cochlear portions of the 8th nerve
30000 nerve fibers in cochlear portion, 20000 in vestibular portion
70
what is the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and its location
where cerebellum,pons, and medulla oblongata meet | beyond the IAC attached to the brainstem
71
ipsilateral
located or affecting the same side of the ear
72
contralateral
located or affects opposite side of the ear
73
decussation
crossover point that unites symmetrical portions of the brains two halves
74
cochlear nucleus DCN and VCN
only ipsilateral the cochlear nucleus will split and some nerves wll travel through the dorsal cochlear nucleus while others use the ventral cochlear nucleus
75
trapezoid body
first decussation | located in the pons; what nerve fibers from the cochlear nucleus travel through
76
superior olivary complex
first place to get info from both sides of brain | a group of nuclei in the pons; most nerve fibers from the trapezoid body will attach contralaterally to the SOC
77
lateral lemniscus
largest fiber tract where the SOC sends projections; its fiber tract is from the pons to the midbrain place where directional information is combined with other sound coding to create complex sound image
78
inferior colliculus
2nd site for binaural coding | located in the midbrain
79
medial geniculate body
no decussations, limbic system final processing stage located in the thalamus
80
Heschl's gyrus
primary cortex receives and synthesizes auditory info coming from the MGB located in temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex

Ear Anatomy Final (2 decks)

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