Brain Flashcards
Diencephalon?
- part of cerebrum
- thalamus, hypothalamus (with mamillary bodies), epithalamus (wth pineal gland)
Limbic System
name - parts and functions
- primitive cortex, neocortex
- CINGULATE gyrus, fornix, hippocampus, amygdala
- func: olfaction, survival, memory, behaviour
Subcortical white matter: Describe and ex: 1. Commissural fibres 2. projection fibres 3. assocition fibres
- connect hemis: corpus collusum, ant commissure
- higher to lower centres in hemi: corona radiata, internal capsule, ext capsule
- different lobes within hemi: superior longidtunil fasciculus, fornix, inferior frontaloccipital fasciculus
Ventricles - describe system
2 lateral > interventricular foramen > 3rd V > cerebral aqueduct > 4th V > to subarachnoid space via 2 median apertures + 1 lateral apertures
Thalamus -purpose
- all sensory inputs except olfactory before going to core
- modulate motor outputs from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex
- contralateral
Thalamus parts: what? to where? MGB LGB VP VL V
Medial geniculate body: auditory > 1ary aud cortex
Lateral geniculate body: vision - retina > 1ary visual cortex
Ventral Posterior: sensosensation - skin, muscle joints > postcentral gyrus
Ventral Lateral: motor - cerebellum, basal nuclei > frontal lobe
Venral Anteror: motor - basal nuclei > frontal lobe
Purpose of hypothalamus
- neural, humoural, hormonal inputs
- control ANS and endocrine systems
- drives limbic (emotions) system
- regulate Temp, drinking, eating
Spinal cord vs brainstem
Spinal cord
-grey matter in cord is continuous butterfly column
Brain stem
- grey matter - dissociated series of nuclei
- subserves special senses
- reticular formation (grey matter network not nuclei) for arousal
- cranial nerve can carry single modality
What are the pyramids?
CST in ventral medulla
What are peduncles?
bundle of axons connecting brainstem to cerebrum/cerebellum
What is vestibular Schwannoma? where is the lesion?
starts in CNVIII - hearing loss, tinnitis, vertigo
-as it grows: compress on inferior cerebellar penduncle, AICA, CN7, 5,6,9,10
What is the oculomotor nucleus?
axons contribute to CNIII
@ superior colliculi
> eye muscles: SR, IR, MR, IO, levtor palpebrae superioris
-motor nucleus
Trochlear Nucleus?
form CNIV
@ inf. colliculus
> SO muscle of eye
-motor nucleus
Abducens Nucleus?
form CNVI
@ facial colliculus, caudal pons
> LR of eye
-motor nucleus
Hypoglossal nucleus?
form CNXII @ open medulla, long -in cross section: midline, ventral to forth ventricle >tongue muscles -motor nucleus
Mastication nucleus?
contribute to CN V3
@ dorsal pons above facial colliculi
> muscles of mastication
-M
Facial nucleus?
contribute to CN VII
@ lateteral to Abducens N @ facial colliculi, caudal pons
> muscles of facial expression
-M
Nucleus Ambiguus?
contribute to CN X (and a bit of IX for stylophyrangeus)
@ below Facial nucleus, long
> laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles
-M
Accessory nucleus?
form CN XI
@ medulla long, below tubercles
>sterno, trap
-M
Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?
contribute to CNIII
-parasymp: invol movement of eyes: pupillary constriction, lens accomodation
@ superior colliculi with occulomotor nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus?
contribute to CNVII
-parasymp: glands (except parotid)
@ facial nucleus medial to Facial Nucleus
Inferior salivatory nucleus?
contribute to CNIX
-parasymp: parotid gland
@below facial colliculi and superior salivatory nucleus
Dorsal vagal nucleus?
contribute to CNX
-parasymp: thoracic and abdo visceral (vagus to left colic flexure)
@open medulla
- lateral to hypoglossal
- bt hypoglossal nucleus and nucleus ambiguus, long
Spinal Trigeminal nucleus?
somatic, CN V
-2ry sensory neurons for pain and Temp from face
@ caudal pons, open medulla - medial to cerebellar penduncles
-long, from pons to medulla
