Brain 2 Flashcards
What’s the role of the cerebellum? Outline main histology
- movement, balance, a lot of connectivity to the brain stem
- inferior olive nucleus (collection of neuronal cell bodies), has projections to the cerebellum = climbing fibers (axons carrying nerve impulses) up to dendrites of PCs
- dendrites are processes of neurones that receive synaptic input
- cerebellum has leaf like arrangements (folia)
Are Purkinje cells inhibitory or excitatory neurones?
- inhibitory, contains GABA, an inhibitory transmitter
Where do the climbing fibers come from?
Inferior Olivary nucleus
Where do mossy fibres come from?
from the BRAINSTEM,
mossy fiber makes synapse with golgi cells
the BASAL GANGLIA (in the forebrain) has which structures?
- corpus striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus)
- other nuclei (substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens)
What do putamen and globus pallidus have in common?
- they form a lentiform nucleus
What are the functions of basal ganglia?
- doesn’t initiate movements
- scales strength of muscle contractions
- organises correct sequences of excitation of neurones in motor cortex
- planning ahead for movements
What’s the hippocampus role?
learning and memory
(shape of a seahorse)
- place cells (spatial awareness)
How many layers have the cerebral cortex have?
6
Name the lobes and basic functions of the cerebrum
a. frontal lobe = motor, mood, thinking
b. parietal lobe = L- initiation of movement, R- spatial relationships
c. occipital lobe = vision
d. temporal lobe =hearing, language
Name the two sensory pathways
- Spinothalamic
* Dorsal column
What’s the target of dorsal column pathway?
Somatosensory cortex -> SI (post-central girus)
‘‘Note it is different from :
Pyramidal cortex bc of the pyramidal cells/ motor cortex-> Pre-central girus’’
Name the language areas
- BROCA’s AREA (motor speech), if damage- can’t speak properly
- WERNICKE’s AREA (sensory speech), if damaged, can’t understand speech
in 90% ppl it is on the left side
