Brain 1

Question 1

The Nervous System can be divided into 2 parts, which are they and what do they include?

Answer 1

• Central Nervous System ( Brain and spinal cord)

* Peripheral Nervous System (Ganglia and Cranial & Spinal nerves)

Question 2

What are the meninges? Name them from inside to outside

Answer 2

PAD: Pia (microscopic, part of adherent to the surface of the brain) , Arachnoid (translucid plastic bag) , Dura (normally stay in the skull)

Question 3

Where is CSF made? And where does it flow?

Answer 3

made in Choroid plexus.

It flows through the spaces underneath arachnoid. The arachnoid villa take the CSF into the venous system

Question 4

What are the functions of the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Answer 4

Extracts essence, filters rubbish, compares and integrates

Question 5

The Brain can be divided in hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain. What do these include?

Answer 5

Hindbrain= Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum
Midbrain= Superior & Inferior Colliculi, Substantia Nigra
Forebrain=
a. Diencephalon= Thalamus, hypothalamus
b. Cerebral Hemispheres=: the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, Hippocampus

Question 6

The brain stem is made up of?

Answer 6

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

Question 7

What are the pyramidal decussations?

Answer 7

• where fibres cross (pyramid fibers carry voluntary motor messages from the cerebrum to SC)
• shows most pathways in the CNS crossover
• reason= when an animal from sees a threat from the right hand side, it runs to the left

Question 8

In the cross- section of the Medulla, you see the pyramid and?

Answer 8

Olivary nucleus

Question 9

What is the inferior olivary nuclei? and what does it do?

Answer 9

• hundreds of cell bodies of neurones

- go to the cerebellum and bring about motor activity

Question 10

What is the role of SUPERIOR COLLICULUS?

Answer 10

• slightly larger, receive input from cells in the retina
• eye movements
• more anterior

Question 11

What is the role of INFERIOR COLLICULUS?

Answer 11

• auditory info.

- more posterior

Question 12

What happens if substantia nigra degenerates ?

Answer 12

• if neurones there degenerate ->Parkinson disease
• involves with correct movements,
• they secrete Dopamine

Question 13

What’s the red nucleus involved with ?

Answer 13

involved with motor

Question 14

What’s the medial geniculate role?

Answer 14

involved with auditory info

Question 15

What’s the cerebral peduncle?

Answer 15

have various axon tracts, CST,

Question 16

Outline Cranial Nerves I- XII

Answer 16

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel (a) Virgin Girl’s Vagina And Hymen

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducent, Facial,
Vestibulocochlear (formerly Auditory), Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Question 17

Outline the nerve function of cranial nerves

Answer 17

Nerve Function (Sensory, Motor, Both): Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Breasts Matter More

Question 18

The thalamus is also known as….? why?

Answer 18

• a gateway to the cortex
• thalamus is a relay for sensory info- eye, ear, taste buds, skin, muscle, NOT smell,
• thalamus is a relay for motor instructions- keeps cortex informed

Question 19

The ventral posterior thalamus contain map of sensory information. Outline the main subdivisions.

Answer 19

• • Medial geniculate nucleus- ear**
• • Lateral geniculate nucleus- eye**
• • Ventral posterior nucleus - skin/muscle **

Question 20

The thalamus and the THIRD and FOURTH ventricle are connected by …?

Answer 20

• cerebral aqueduct

= a narrow aqueduct that transverse the MIDBRAIN