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ACTION > BRAIN > Flashcards

BRAIN Flashcards

1
Q

IPS

A
  • interparietal cortex
  • representing relevant stimuli
  • “what pathway”
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2
Q

PFC

A
  • higher order decision making
  • reflect cue-reward association
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3
Q

mPFC

A
  • less activation when making self-referential judgments
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4
Q

vmPFC

A
  • value comparison (= Rushworth) –> if damaged, deficits in goal-directed behaviour
  • affective node of default mode network
  • stimulus selection
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5
Q

omPFC

A
  • orbital-medial PFC
  • integrated emotional and cohgnitive information into rational behaviour (= deMArtino)
  • reciprocal connections to Amygdala
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6
Q

lPFC

A
  • “What pathway”
  • Task-rule application
  • translation: visual target -> motor rules
  • governs object affordances + utilities (= neuroeconomics)
  • state representation (= Lee)
  • updating stimulus-response associations -> according to negative feedback
  • goal directed behaviour
  • connected to sensory + motor cortex
  • relies on attention system + attention selection structures
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7
Q

dlPFC

A
  • Area 46
  • anterior PFC
  • rule maintenace
  • generalised controller in cascade task
  • active in WM memory tasks
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8
Q

vlPFC

A
  • IFJ (= part of lPFC) -> expression is used interchangibly
  • maintaining task relevant information and rules active for stimulus response mapping (= more compelx task = more active)
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9
Q

FEF

A
  • motor goal representation
  • object selection (= what how)
  • area 8
  • posterior PFC
  • decision-making processes (drift-diffusion models)
  • neurons discriminate betweeen current and past target
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10
Q

SMA

A
  • Supplementary motor area
  • action selection “How”
  • self-generated (= initiated) movements
    contributions to automatic inhibition of primed actions
  • ## final decision on action selection
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11
Q

Pre-SMA

A
  • framing effect
  • active in error trials independently of feedback
  • final decision of action selection
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12
Q

PMd/ M1

A
  • movement specification “how”
  • dorso-dorsal stream (= grasp)
  • lesion -> optic ataxia (= misreading visual targets)
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13
Q

PMv

A
  • ventro-dorsal stream “use”
  • lesion -> ideomotor apraxia
  • ?? more abstract plan
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14
Q

LIP

A
  • lateral intraparietal area
  • observation of environment
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15
Q

MIP

A
  • medial intraparietal area
  • manual movement -> observation of the environment
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16
Q

SEF

A
  • supplementary eye field
  • effector-specific stimulus response representations (= Sumner) -> also SMA
  • flexible volitional behaviour
  • suppressing unconsciously triggered movement plans
  • inhibition of eye movements
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17
Q

mFC

A
  • Information about internal states
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18
Q

OFC

A
  • Association learning
  • stimulus-value learning (Camille)
  • goal-oriented decision-making (Camille)
  • value representation + object selection (Lee) -> deciding on preferences, based on value
  • sensory-specific satiety effects
19
Q

lOFC

A
  • value assignment (Rushworth)
20
Q

mOFC

A
  • representation of expected rewards (o´Doherty)
  • value comparison (Rushworth)
21
Q

IFJ

A
  • inferior frontal junction
  • attention-biased prception by neural synchrony with posterior regions (= Xu)
  • coupled with attention system (dorsal/ventral)
  • ability to be coupled with different posterior mechanisms to bias perception (FFA/ PPA)
22
Q

PPA

A
  • parahippocampal place area
  • location of sensory signals (of things = couch)
  • connected to IFJ
23
Q

FFA

A
  • fusiform face area
  • location of sensory signals (of faces)
  • connected to IFJ
24
Q

Striatum

A
  • received inpuit from cortex + thalamus
  • projects to SNr/ GPi
25
Q

GPi

A
  • major output nucleus
26
Q

GPe

A
  • Part of intrinsic circuitry
27
Q

VMS

A
  • drug reinforcement
  • motivational addiction
28
Q

DLS

A
  • efficiency of drug taking
  • behavioural addiction
29
Q

SNr

A
  • major output nucleus of basal ganglia
  • GABA
29
Q

VS

A
  • nucleus accumbens –> NA
  • active in no error trial in feedback
30
Q

SNc

A
  • dopaminergic cells project to striatum
31
Q

VTA

A
  • dopaminergic projection to striatum
  • origin of dopamine together with SNc
32
Q

STN

A
  • projects to SNr/ GPi
  • Glutamate
33
Q

CC

A
  • cingulate cortex
34
Q

ACC

A
  • value representation (Lee) -> role in action selection about uncertainty
  • evaluating outcomes
    codes for costs and benefits (Rushworth)
  • Emotional value comparison (Rushworth)
35
Q

dACC

A
  • action-value learning (Camille) -> goal-oriented decision-making
36
Q

PCC

A
  • memory node of default mode network
37
Q

aMCC

A
  • framing effect
  • updating stored outcme representation during feedback phase
37
Q

mCC

A
  • motor selection function
  • performance monitoring
  • lesion leads to failure to correct behaviour
  • only active for errors with feedback
38
Q

rCMA

A
  • rostral cingulate motior area
  • includes habenular complex ( I THINK)
  • ERN generation through disinhibition
  • activity in errors with negative feedback, but not to errors without feedback
39
Q

Habenular

A
  • activity when error is made + negative feeback
  • determining error in reward prediction
40
Q

Amygdala

A
  • goal-directed decision making
  • emotional reward learning
  • not essential for reward learning (= gives an emotional aspect)
  • both: negative + positive affect
41
Q

Insula

A
  • cognitive control
42
Q

IT/ PH

A
  • inferior temporal cortex
  • perirhinal cortex
  • left node in Murray´s Model
  • responses guided by visual information
  • „gets attention from Amygdala“
  • „sends visual aspects to OFC“

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