BRAIN Flashcards
1
Q
IPS
A
- interparietal cortex
- representing relevant stimuli
- “what pathway”
2
Q
PFC
A
- higher order decision making
- reflect cue-reward association
3
Q
mPFC
A
- less activation when making self-referential judgments
4
Q
vmPFC
A
- value comparison (= Rushworth) –> if damaged, deficits in goal-directed behaviour
- affective node of default mode network
- stimulus selection
5
Q
omPFC
A
- orbital-medial PFC
- integrated emotional and cohgnitive information into rational behaviour (= deMArtino)
- reciprocal connections to Amygdala
6
Q
lPFC
A
- “What pathway”
- Task-rule application
- translation: visual target -> motor rules
- governs object affordances + utilities (= neuroeconomics)
- state representation (= Lee)
- updating stimulus-response associations -> according to negative feedback
- goal directed behaviour
- connected to sensory + motor cortex
- relies on attention system + attention selection structures
7
Q
dlPFC
A
- Area 46
- anterior PFC
- rule maintenace
- generalised controller in cascade task
- active in WM memory tasks
8
Q
vlPFC
A
- IFJ (= part of lPFC) -> expression is used interchangibly
- maintaining task relevant information and rules active for stimulus response mapping (= more compelx task = more active)
9
Q
FEF
A
- motor goal representation
- object selection (= what how)
- area 8
- posterior PFC
- decision-making processes (drift-diffusion models)
- neurons discriminate betweeen current and past target
10
Q
SMA
A
- Supplementary motor area
- action selection “How”
- self-generated (= initiated) movements
contributions to automatic inhibition of primed actions - ## final decision on action selection
11
Q
Pre-SMA
A
- framing effect
- active in error trials independently of feedback
- final decision of action selection
12
Q
PMd/ M1
A
- movement specification “how”
- dorso-dorsal stream (= grasp)
- lesion -> optic ataxia (= misreading visual targets)
13
Q
PMv
A
- ventro-dorsal stream “use”
- lesion -> ideomotor apraxia
- ?? more abstract plan
14
Q
LIP
A
- lateral intraparietal area
- observation of environment
15
Q
MIP
A
- medial intraparietal area
- manual movement -> observation of the environment
16
Q
SEF
A
- supplementary eye field
- effector-specific stimulus response representations (= Sumner) -> also SMA
- flexible volitional behaviour
- suppressing unconsciously triggered movement plans
- inhibition of eye movements
17
Q
mFC
A
- Information about internal states
18
Q
OFC
A
- Association learning
- stimulus-value learning (Camille)
- goal-oriented decision-making (Camille)
- value representation + object selection (Lee) -> deciding on preferences, based on value
- sensory-specific satiety effects
19
Q
lOFC
A
- value assignment (Rushworth)
20
Q
mOFC
A
- representation of expected rewards (o´Doherty)
- value comparison (Rushworth)
21
Q
IFJ
A
- inferior frontal junction
- attention-biased prception by neural synchrony with posterior regions (= Xu)
- coupled with attention system (dorsal/ventral)
- ability to be coupled with different posterior mechanisms to bias perception (FFA/ PPA)
22
Q
PPA
A
- parahippocampal place area
- location of sensory signals (of things = couch)
- connected to IFJ
23
Q
FFA
A
- fusiform face area
- location of sensory signals (of faces)
- connected to IFJ
24
Q
Striatum
A
- received inpuit from cortex + thalamus
- projects to SNr/ GPi
25
Q
GPi
A
- major output nucleus
26
Q
GPe
A
- Part of intrinsic circuitry
27
Q
VMS
A
- drug reinforcement
- motivational addiction
28
Q
DLS
A
- efficiency of drug taking
- behavioural addiction
29
Q
SNr
A
- major output nucleus of basal ganglia
- GABA
29
Q
VS
A
- nucleus accumbens –> NA
- active in no error trial in feedback
30
Q
SNc
A
- dopaminergic cells project to striatum
31
Q
VTA
A
- dopaminergic projection to striatum
- origin of dopamine together with SNc
32
Q
STN
A
- projects to SNr/ GPi
- Glutamate
33
Q
CC
A
- cingulate cortex
34
Q
ACC
A
- value representation (Lee) -> role in action selection about uncertainty
- evaluating outcomes
codes for costs and benefits (Rushworth) - Emotional value comparison (Rushworth)
35
Q
dACC
A
- action-value learning (Camille) -> goal-oriented decision-making
36
Q
PCC
A
- memory node of default mode network
37
Q
aMCC
A
- framing effect
- updating stored outcme representation during feedback phase
37
Q
mCC
A
- motor selection function
- performance monitoring
- lesion leads to failure to correct behaviour
- only active for errors with feedback
38
Q
rCMA
A
- rostral cingulate motior area
- includes habenular complex ( I THINK)
- ERN generation through disinhibition
- activity in errors with negative feedback, but not to errors without feedback
39
Q
Habenular
A
- activity when error is made + negative feeback
- determining error in reward prediction
40
Q
Amygdala
A
- goal-directed decision making
- emotional reward learning
- not essential for reward learning (= gives an emotional aspect)
- both: negative + positive affect
41
Q
Insula
A
- cognitive control
42
Q
IT/ PH
A
- inferior temporal cortex
- perirhinal cortex
- left node in Murray´s Model
- responses guided by visual information
- „gets attention from Amygdala“
- „sends visual aspects to OFC“
