Brain Flashcards
What are the 5 major divisions of the brain?
Myelencephalon, Metencephalon, mesencephalon, Diencephalon, telencephalon.
What are the neuron types in the dorsal root and what do they form?
Sensory unipolar, with cell bodies outside spine forming dorsal root ganglia.
What are neurons in the ventral root?
Multipolar motor neurons with cell bodies in ventral horns.
What is the myelencephalon?
Hindbrain, posterior end, tracts from signal between body and brain, reticular formation (little net/ small nuclei)
What is the metencephalon are what are the two major divisions?
Hindbrain. Major divisions are Pons (tracts in bulges, ventral surface of brain stem). Cerebellum - ball gown. folded, sensorimotor functions.
What is the mesencephalon and its major divisions?
What are the tegmentums 5 bits? (RCPRS)
Midbrain, major divisions tectum - dorsal, superior/ inferior colliculi,
tegmentum - ventral, reticular formation, cerebral aqueduct (connects 3 /4 ventricle) periaqueductal grey, red nucleus and substantia nigra = sensorimotor functions.
What is the Diencephalon?
Forebrain - two major division - thalamus and hypothalamus.
Thalamus - two lobes either side of 3rd ventricle, top of brainstem, separated by massa intermedia. Has pairs of nuclei.
What are the pairs of nuclei in thalamus and which are most understood ?
visual, audio and somatosensory info - lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, and ventral posterior nuclei.
Sensory relay.
What is the hypothalamus?
Regulates motivation behaviors via pituitary gland. Houses optic chasm and mammillary bodies.
What is the telencephalon?
Forebrain. Everything else in this!
Name the areas in the forebrain and what they do.
Sulci - shallow grooves in cortex.
Fissure - large furrows divide lobes.
Corpus callosum - largest fissure
Central fissure and lateral fissure - divide brain into frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
What do the various lobes do?
Occipital - visual
Parietal - sensory. (posterior - object/ body location)
Temporal - Superior - hearing. Inferior - complex patterns, Medial - memory and learning
Frontal - anterior - organising, processing, solving, language, emotional regulation.
What do the post and pre central gyrus do and where are they located?
Post - integrates sensory information, parietal lobes
Pre - voluntary movement, frontal cortex
What subcortical systems are in the telencephalon?
Limbic and basal banglia
What does the limbic system do and what is it?
Four f’s.
Houses amygdala and hippocampus.
Midline structure circling the thalamus.
