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NeuroAnatomy > Brain (1-10) > Flashcards

Brain (1-10) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are NOT found in grey matter: Nucleus, Lamina, Bodies, Tract, Fasciculus, Cortex, Funiculus, Lemniscus?

A

Tract, Fasiculus, Lemniscus, Funiculus
-All found in White Matter
(1)

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2
Q

If given the name “Bulb”, where in the CNS is this?

A

Brainstem (connecting spinal cord to cerebrum and cerebellum)
(2)

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3
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the brainstem?

A

Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain

2

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4
Q

Are the Olives of the Medulla gray or white matter?

Are the Pyramids of the Medulla gray or white matter?

A

Olives = Gray
Pyramids = White
(2)

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5
Q

Are the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles mostly white or gray matter?

A

Consist mostly of axons going to and from the cerebellum, to and from the medulla
-therefore mostly White matter
(3)

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6
Q 
What is the function of the Pontine Nuclei in the Pons?
Which part (anterior or posterior) of the Pons in the Pontine Nuclei?
A

In Anterior part
= a collection of neuron cell bodies that receives input from ipsilateral neurons of the cerebral cortex, projects axons to contralateral side of the cerebellum
(3)

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7
Q

What do the pontocerebellar neurons/axons form?

A

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (white matter)
*They decussate (cross midline) to the cerebellum
(3)

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8
Q

What is the most superior part of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

4

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9
Q

What divides the midbrain into 2 portions?

A 
Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)
(4)
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10
Q

What is the name for the roof of the midbrain?

A

Tectum

4

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11
Q

What are neurons of the Inferior and Superior Colliculi involved with?

A

Inferior Colliculi neurons = Auditory pathway
Superior Colliculi neurons = coordinating certain reflexes in response to sensory inputs (i.e. visual and auditory)
(4)

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12
Q

What forms the Ventral Midbrain, aka Base of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles (white and gray matter)
*cerebral peduncles connect midbrain to cerebrum
(4)

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the gray matter of the ventral midbrain?

A

III, IV, and part of V n.

4

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the Pons?

A

Part of V, VI, VII, and part of VIII

3

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15
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the Medulla?

A

part of V, part of VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

2

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16
Q

What does the White matter of the Cerebellum form?

What does the Gray matter of the Cerebellum form?

A

White matter forms Medullary Center
Gray matter forms Cerebellar Cortex (outer surface)
*Cortex = highly folded into Folia
(4)

17
Q

What type of fibers make up the middle cerebellar peduncle?

What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

Made up of pontocerebellar neurons that connect the pons to the cerebellum
(3)

18
Q

What is considered to be the autonomic center of the brain?
Where is it located?
(helps control sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system)

A

Hypothalamus
In the diencephalon (below the Thalamus)
*Helps control activity of pituitary gland
(6)

19
Q

What is located in the Epithalamus?

A

Pineal gland

6

20
Q

What is the subthalamic nucleus involved in?

A

Motor Pathways

6

21
Q

Where is white and gray matter found in the Telencephalon?

A

Gray = Cortex
White = Medullary Center
(6)

22
Q

Which type of fibers in the Medullary Center connect a cortical area of one hemisphere to a (similar) cortical area of the opposite hemisphere?

A

Commissural Fibers
i.e. Corpus Callosum
(6)

23
Q

What type of fibers in the Medullary Center connect an area of cerebral cortex to a subcortical area -or- a subcortical area to a cerebral cortical area?

A

Projection Fibers

i. e. neurons of Thalamus (subcortical) to neurons in the cerebral cortex (=thalamocortical fibers)
* traveling through the **Internal Capsule

24
Q

What type of fibers/axons connect different cortical areas within a single hemisphere?

A

Association Fibers

6

25
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital and Insula (Island of Reil)
(7)

26
Q

What lines the ventricular system of the brain?

A

Ependymal Cells

7

27
Q

What secretes CSF?

A

Choroid Plexus
*Total volume of CSF = 80-150 ml and about 600 ml of CSF produced each day == replaced 4ish times a day
(8)

28
Q

What connects the lateral ventricle to the III ventricle?

A 
Interventricular Foramina (of Monro)
(8)
29
Q

What connects the III venricle to the IV ventricle?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct (of Sylvius)
*in midbrain
(8)

30
Q

True or False: Both the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain are unpaired?

A

True

8

31
Q

What connects the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space (cisterna magna)?

A

Foramen of Magendie
*unpaired
(8)

32
Q

Describe the process of CSF circulation

A

Lateral Ventricles -> foramen of monro -> 3rd Ventricle ->
cerebral aquaduct -> 4th Ventricle -> median & lateral apertures
-> Subarachnoid Space => resorbed at arachnoid villi
(9)

33
Q

What is Obstructive Hydrocephalus, Communicating Hydrocephalus, and Externl Hydrocephalus?

A

Obstructive = obstruction of CSF circulation OUT of ventricles (increase CSF upstream of obstruction)
Communicating = excess CSF throughout entire system
External = Excess CSF only in subarachnoid space i.e dementia
**Papilladema = increase CSF pressure around optic disc
(9)

34
Q

Where is the head, body, and tail of the caudate nucleus found?
*What is this nucleus involved in?

A

Head = in lat. wall of ant. horn of lat. ventricle
Body = in lat. wall of body of the lat. ventricle
Tail = in ‘roof’ of inferior horn
*Involved in motor control that lies along the lateral ventricle

35
Q

Where is the Amygdala -or- “almond” found? What is it involved w/?

A

(Size and shape of an almond) Just beyond the tip of the inferior horn of lateral ventricle and the tail of the caudate
*Involved in emotions, memory, behaviors **limbic system
(9)

36
Q

What gray matter structure lies along the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and is involved w/ memory and emotions (limbic system)?

A

Hippocampus
aka - Seahorse
(10)

37
Q

What nuclei make up the corpus striatum?

A

1) Caudate Nucleus
2) Lenticuar Nucleus
2a) globus pallidus (medial part)
2b) Putamen (lateral part)
(10)

38
Q

What is the structure that separates the anterior horns of the lateral ventricle?

A

Septum Pellucidum

10

39
Q

What connects the right and left halves of the Thalamus?

A 
Massa Intermedia (Interthalamic adhesion)
(10)

NeuroAnatomy (4 decks)

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