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Anatomy 2 > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Between what two muscles does the Brachial Plexus emerge from?

A

Anterior and Middle Scalene

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2
Q

What also travels in between the Anterior and Middle scalene with the Brachial Plexus?

A

Subclavian artery

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3
Q

What is the Brachial Plexus?

A

Network of Nerves which supplies Motor and Sensory Information to the Upper Extremity

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4
Q

What sort of information does the BP supply?

A

Motor and Sensory

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5
Q

What two structures does the BP travel deep to?

A

Clavicle and Pectoralis Minor

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6
Q

Anterior and Middle scalene with Rib 1 creates what?

A

Scalene Triangle

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7
Q

Since the Anterior and Middle scalenes create parts of the scalene triangle what structures could be said to travel in the scalene triangle?

A

Rudimentary of the BP and Subclavian artery

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8
Q

What travels anterior to the anterior scalene?

A

Subclavian vein

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9
Q

BP is organized into what from most proximal to distal?

A

Organized into: Roots, Trunks, Division, Cords

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10
Q

What are all named nerves off the BP considered?

A

Terminals

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11
Q

BP organized into roots are what part of the nerve root are they?

A

Anterior Rami

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12
Q

Anterior Rami contribute to plexus to what regions?

A

UE and LE

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13
Q

Name two examples of Terminal branch of BP and what do they innervate?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve: Rhomboid Major/Minor and Levator Scapula Thoraco Dorsal Nerve: Latisimus Dorsi

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14
Q

What level is the Root of BP at? and what structure is at that level?

A

C5-T1 at the level of the Scalenes

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15
Q

When C5-C6 converge what do they create?

A

Superior trunk

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16
Q

When C8-T1 converge what do they create?

A

Inferior trunk

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17
Q

What does C7 continuum create?

A

Middle Trunk

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18
Q

Each Trunk bifurcates into what two divisions?

A

Anterior and Posterior Divisions aka the 3rd Dimension

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19
Q

What are all the BP Cords surrounded by?

A

The BP cords are surrounding Axillary Artery

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20
Q

All 3 Posterior Divisions converge into form the what?

A

Posterior Cord

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21
Q

The 2 Anterior Divisions of the Superior and Middle Trunk converge into form the what?

A

Lateral Cord

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22
Q

The Anterior Division of the Inferior Trunk continue by it self as the what?

A

Medial Cord

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23
Q

What would be immediately behind, lateral, and medial to the Axillary Artery?

A

BP Posterior Cord, Lateral Cord, and Medial Cord in order

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24
Q

Terminal Branches are also known as what?

A

Nerves

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25
Q

From ROOTS C3, C4, C5 create what two Terminal Branch?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve and Phrenic Nerve

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26
Q

What does Dorsal Scapular Nerve

A

Levator Scapula, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor

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27
Q

What is the major contributing Root of Phrenic Nerve?

A

C4

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28
Q

What does C4 Root Phrenic Nerve innervate? and how many on?

A

Diaphragm two, one each side

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29
Q

Where is the Phrenic nerve in the Anterior neck?

A

On the Anterior Scalene

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30
Q

From ROOTS C5, C6, C7 comes what Terminal Branch?

A

Long Thoracic nerve

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31
Q

Once the Long Thoracic Nerve emerges from C5, C6, C7, where does it course along and then finally innervate what?

A

Course along the lateral aspect of the trunk. it innervates Serratus Anterior.

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32
Q

What is the Long Thoracic Nerve innervated Serratus Anterior do?

A

Serratus Anterior’s main function is scapular movement and scapular stabilization.

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33
Q

From the Trunk what two terminal branches emerges?

A

Suprascapular Nerve from Superior Trunk Nerve to Subclavius from Superior Trunk

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34
Q

Where are the two Trunk terminal branches emerging from?

A

The Superior Trunk

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35
Q

Why can you not see the Nerve to Subclavius?

A

It is directly behind and attached to the Clavicle. Therefore, when you take out the clavicle to see it, it will be torn out with the clavicle

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36
Q

The Suprascapular nerve innervates what two muscles?

A

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus

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37
Q

What is the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle part of and what are the rest (2)?

A

Glenohumeral stabilization functioning rotator cuff muscles. the other two muscles are Subscapularis and Teres Minor

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38
Q

How many Terminal branches emerge from the Divisions?

A

None

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39
Q

What is the notch on the scapular known as?

A

Suprascapular Notch

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40
Q

What travels through the Suprascapular Notch?

A

The suprascapular nerve

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41
Q

What is the traveling path of the Suprascapular Nerve?

A

through the Lateral Suprascapular notch(which is closed off by the Ligamentus Tissue via a foramen), then dives posteriorly in the supraspinous process to innervate the supraspintus, dives under the acromion process, then into the infraspinous process to innervate the infraspinatus.

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42
Q

How many Nerves emerges from the BP Cords?

A

12

5 from the Posterior Cord

2 from the Lateral Cord

4 from the Medial Cord

1 from the Medial and Lateral Cord

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43
Q

From the Lateral Cord what Nerves emerge?

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

Musculocutaneus Nerve

***part of Median Nerve***with Median Cord

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44
Q

What two Terminal Branches the Pectoral Muscles and where do they emerge from?

A

Lateral Pectoral Nerve from the Lateral Cord

and

Medial Pectoral Nerve from the Medial Cord

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45
Q

Which is superior and deep Pectoral Major and Pectoral Minor?

A

Pectorial Major is superior

Pectoral Minor is deep to that?

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46
Q

At the level of the Posterior Cord what set of nerves emerge?

A

The Subscapular Nerves (3)

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47
Q

How many Subscapular nerves are there and what are they called?

A

3

Upper

Middle

Lower

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48
Q

What does the Middle Subscapular Nerve Innervate?

aka

Thorcodorsal nerve

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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49
Q

What is the Middle Subscapular Nerve also known as?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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50
Q

The Upper and Lower Subscapular nerve innervates what muscle?

A

Subscapularis

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51
Q

Where is the Subscapularis Muscle located?

A

Anterior surface of the scapular in the subscapular fossa innervated by both Upper and Lower subscapular nerve

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52
Q

The Lower Subscapular nerve alone will innervate what muscle?

A

Teres Major

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53
Q

Where is the Teres Major located? also what is Teres Major’s nickname

A

smaller muscle emerging from the scapular, runs parallel to the Latissimus Dorsi.

aka Latissimus Dorsi’s Helper

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54
Q

What muscle does the Teres Major have the same function with?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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55
Q

What nerve is the continuation of the Posterior Cord?

A

Axillary Nerve

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56
Q

What two muscles does the Axillary Nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid

and

Teres Minor

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57
Q

Name the four muscles of the rotator cuff

A

SITS

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

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58
Q

How does the Axillary nerve innervate the Teres Minor and Deltoid?

A

It dives posteriorly through Quadrangular Space to innervate both Deltoid and Teres Minor

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59
Q

What also travels with the Axillary Nerve through the Quadrangular Space?

A

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

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60
Q

What forms the Quadrangular space?

A

Teres Major (inferior boundary)

Teres Minor (superior boundary)

Long head of the triceps brachii (medial boundary)

Neck of the Humerus (lateral boundary)

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61
Q

If someone fractures their humerus at the surgical neck region what nerve would you know they legioned?

and resulting in what?

A

Axillary nerve

lossing function in the deltoid and teres minor

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62
Q

Once the Axillary nerve emerges posteriorly through the quadrangular space, innervates two muscles (deltoids and teres minor), then dives superfically as cutaneos innervates what does it’s function become?

A

Sensation of skin on the lateral aspect of the shoulder

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63
Q

Rotator cuff injury patients could complain of what sort of pain or paresthesia?

A

Pain or paresthesia of the deltoid and teres minor due to damage to axillary nerve

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64
Q

Besides the axillary nerve another thicker terminal nerve emerges from the Posterior cord, what is it?

A

Radial Nerve

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65
Q

When you hear Radial nerve what word should you think of and why?

A

Posterior!!!

Because it provides sensory and motor innervation of the entire posterior UE

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66
Q

Why is the radial nerve so thick compared to other UE nerves.

A

It is usually 2-3x thicker than others since it provides innervation to the entire posterior portion of the UE it’s sensory and motor information.

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67
Q

How does the Radial Nerve course through the UE?

A

dives to the posterior aspect of the arm, coursing from the medial to lateral aspect of the humerus

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68
Q

What is the area on the humerus where the Radial Nerve will run called?

A

Musculospiral groove or Radial groove on the posterior humerus

69
Q

If someone fractured the shaft of the humerus what nerve could be injured?

A

Radial Nerve

70
Q

What opening does the Radial Nerve travel through?

A

The Triangular Interval

71
Q

What muscles make up the boundaries of the Triangular Interval?

A

Teres Major (superior border)

Long head of Triceps brachii (medial border)

Lateral head of Triceps brachii (lateral border)

72
Q

The Radial Nerve will course through what two areas with what blood vessel?

A

Triangular Interval and Radial Groove(musculospiral groove)

Deep Brachial Artery

73
Q

If you split the two heads of the Triceps brachii what two structures should you see inbetween?

A

Deep brachial artery

and

Radial nerve

74
Q

At the level of the humerus the Radial Nerve will dive very superficially called what?

A

Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Nerve

75
Q

What two muscle groups are innervated on the Posterior arm by the Radial nerve?

A

Triceps Brachii

and

Anconeous

76
Q

What 2 things happen with the Radial Nerve in the posterior arm?

A

Innervation: Triceps Brachii & Anconeous

Branches off as: Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Nerve

77
Q

How does the Radial Nerve course the Humerus?

A

From medial to lateral

78
Q

At the level of the Elbow what happens to the Radial Nerve?

A

Travels Anterior to the Lateral Epicondyle and goes through the Radial Tunnel

79
Q

What two muscles is the Radial nerve easily seen in between once it passes anteriorly to the Lateral Epicondyle? and via what?

A

Between the Brachialis and Brachioradialis

via the Radial Tunnel

80
Q

The Radial Nerve splits in the Forearm as what two nerves?

A

Superficial and Deep Radial Nerve

81
Q

What sort of nerve is the Superficial Radial nerve?

A

Purely Cutaneous, having no function in the forearm.

82
Q

What muscle does the Superficial Radial nerve travel deep to?

A

Superficial travels deep to the Brachioradialis

83
Q

Where is the destination for the Superficial Radial Nerve?

A

Dorsal portion of the hand

84
Q

Where does the Superficial Radial nerve provide sensation to?

A

Dorsum of digits 1, 2, and 3

Lateral aspect of the Dorsal palm

***some lateral half of the 4th digit***

85
Q

Where is hand is the Superficial Radial nerve not providing sensation?

A

Distal tips of digits 1, 2, and 3

86
Q

What sort of nerve is the Deep Radial nerve?

A

Purely motor

87
Q

What muscles does the Deep Radial Nerve innervate?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Supinator *before piercing through the Supinator*

88
Q

Once the Deep Radial nerve pierces through the Supinator what nerve does it become?

A

Posterior Interosseous Nerve

89
Q

Where and what does the Posterior Interosseous nerve innervate?

A

the rest of the distal remaining muscles in the Extensor compartment

90
Q

The muscles of the posterior aspect of the forearm causes what motion?

A

Wrist extension

91
Q

Lesion of the Posterior Interosseous nerve causes what?

A

“Wrist Drop”

when someone is not able to extend their wrist

92
Q

What muscles does the Superficial Radial Nerve innervate?

A

None due to it being just a cutaneus innervation for sensation of the skin

93
Q

If someone has Posterior Interosseus syndrome what effect are effected?

A

Motor since it branches from the Deep Radial Nerve(motor)

where as Superficial Radial Nerve (sensory)

94
Q

What is the continuum of the Lateral Cord after the terminal nerve Lateral Pectoral Nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

95
Q

What does the Musculocutaneous Nerve pierce through?

A

Coracobrachialis Muscle

96
Q

What sort of information is traveling in the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

A

Both Motor and Sensory

97
Q

What muscles does the Musculocutaneous Nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of the Anterior Arm

98
Q

What Nerve is close in proximity to the Musculocutaneous Nerve?

A

Axillary nerve

99
Q

What three anterior arm muscles does the Musculocutaneous Nerve innervate?

A

Coracobrachilais

Biceps Brachii

Brachialis Muscle (deep to the Biceps brachii)

100
Q

What structure does Musculocutaneous Nerve travel lateral to as it contineus into the forearm?

A

Bicipital Apeneurosis

101
Q

As Musculocutaneous Nerve travels into the forearm and passes lateral of Bicipital Apeneurosis what does it turn into?

A

Lateral

Ante

Brachial

Cutaneous

nerve

102
Q

What information travels in the Lateral AnteBrachial Cutaneous nerve?

A

Sensory

103
Q

Where does the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve provide sensation?

A

the lateral aspect of the forearm

104
Q

Why is it difficult to see the sensory/cutaneous nerve in lab?

A

due to the superficial nature of its attachment to skin, when you disect the skin it will be cut

105
Q

Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve

and

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

both branch from which cord?

A

Medial Cord

106
Q

What terminal nerve is the Medial brachial cutaneous nerve and Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve past?

A

it’s after the Medial pectoral nerve

107
Q

What is the function of the Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve?

A

Sensation to the medial aspect of the arm

108
Q

What is the function of the Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve?

A

sensation to the medial aspect of the forearm

109
Q

Distal continuation of the Medial Cord is what and what is it commonly known as?

A

Ulnar Nerve

aka Funny Bone

110
Q

Where is the Ulnar Nerve found protected by what?

A

in the arm between the Biceps brachii and brachialis muscle

111
Q

What other two structures travel along side with the Ulnar nerve between the Biceps brachii and brachealis muscle?

A

Brachial Artery

Median Nerve

112
Q

As the Ulnar nerve travels down what aspect of the arm does it travel distally?

A

Medially

113
Q

If the Ulnar nerve courses Medially as it travels distally in the arm what is the opposite course taken Laterally by?

A

The Radial nerve travels Laterally down the arm

114
Q

As the Ulnar nerve travels distally, it will approach the medial Epicondyle, how does it travel past it?

A

Posteriorly

115
Q

As the Radial Nerve travels distally in the arm it approaches the Lateral Epicondyle, how does it travel past it?

A

Anteriorly

116
Q

As the Ulnar Nerve passes posteriorly past the Medial Epicondyle, what does it past?

A

travels through a groove in between Olecranon process and the Medial Epicondyle known as the Cubital Tunnel

***Tommy John Surgery***

117
Q

What two structures creat the Cubital Tunnel

A

Medial Epicondyle

and

Olecranon process

118
Q

The Medial AnteBrachial Cutaneous Nerve which emerges from the Medial Cord runs parallel with the Ulnar nerve. How can you differenciate them in the elbow region?

A

Only the Ulnar nerve travels through the Cubital Tunnel

119
Q

Once the Ulnar Nerve transmits into the forearm, it will dive deep to the most medial muscle known as what?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

120
Q

What is the most Medial Muscle in the forearm? and innervates it?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

innervated by the Ulnar nerve

121
Q

What blood vessel does the Ulnar nerve course the forearm with?

A

Ulnar Artery

122
Q

Which structure will be more medial Ulnar nerve or the Ulnar artery?

A

Ulnar Nerve will be more medial

123
Q

The Ulnar nerve in the Anterior forearm will innervate how many muscles?

A

1.5 muscles

124
Q

What 1.5 muscles does the Ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris in the Anterior forearm

and deep to it is the

Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)

125
Q

While continuing distally deep in the Flexor carpi ulnaris BEFORE the wrist arrises what two nerve terminals?

A

very superficial:

Palmar Cutaneous branch

and

Dorsal Cutaneous branch

126
Q

What is the Palmar Cutaneous and Dorsal Cutaneous’ funciton.

A

Palmar Cutaneous provides sensation to the medial aspect of the Palm side of the hand

Dorsal Cutaneous provides sensatoin to medial aspect of the Dorsal side of the hand

127
Q

Since Palmar/Dorsal Cutanteous Nerve of the Ulnar are very superficial what motion does it not effect it?

A

Very uneffected by the wrist compression.

128
Q

The main branch of the Ulnar Artery will continue distal to the level of the wrist and will enter the hand via what opening?

A

Guyon’s Canal

129
Q

What is the Guyon’s Canal also known as and why?

A

Piso-Hamate Canal

because it an opening formed by the Piscoform and Hook of Hamate

130
Q

Once the Ulnar Nerve is in the hand it will bifricate into what two nerves?

A

Superficial Ulnar Nerve

and

Deep Ulnar Nerve

131
Q

The Superficial Ulnar Nerve innervates what ONE muscle?

A

Palmaris Brevis a small squarish muscle on the medial aspect of the palm

132
Q

Once the Superficial Ulnar Nerve innervates the Palmaris Brevis muscle it dives superficially and provides what?

A

Sensation

to

all of digit 5 on the palmar and dorsal surfaces and at least medial half/or all of digit 4.

133
Q

If the Superifical Ulnar Nerve was predominately sensory what is the Deep Ulmar Nerve provide?

A

Motor

134
Q

Which has a larger role in the hand, Radial or Ulnar Nerve?

A

Ulnar Nerve

135
Q

Which has a larger role in the forearm, Ulnar or Radial nerve?

A

Radial Nerve

136
Q

If someone had long Ulnar nerve damage where would you see the effects?

A

the Hands

137
Q

Medial and Lateral Cords contribute to form what nerve?

A

Median Nerve

138
Q

What muscle does the Median Nerve dive deep to?

A

Biceps brachii

139
Q

Median Nerve runs parallel with what two structures?

A

Brachial artery

Ulnar Nerve

140
Q

Just like the Ulnar Nerve the Median Nerve will serve what purpose in the arm?

A

NONE!

they have no purpose in the arm

141
Q

The Median Nerve dives through what aspect of the elbow?

A

goes through the Anterior aspect of the elbow

142
Q

The Median Nerve will course through what anatomical location?

A

Cubital Fossa

143
Q

What are the boundaries of the Cubital Fossa?

A

The invisible line formed by dotting btwen the medial and lateral epicondyle (superior border)

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

forming a triangle

144
Q

After the Median Nerve passes the Cubital Fossa what does it do?

A

slides under the Bicipital Apeneurosis and pears in between the two heads of the Pronator teres

145
Q

As soon as the Median Nerve pears past the two heads of the Pronator teres it gives off a deep branch known as what?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

146
Q

What sort of nerve is the Anterior Interosseous nerve?

A

Motor branch of the median nerve

147
Q

What does the Anterior Interosseous nerve course through?

A

the interosseous membrane

148
Q

What two structures travels together with the Anterior interosseous nerve?

A

anterior interosseous artery

anterior interosseous vein

149
Q

after piercing through the interosseous membrane the Anterior Interosseous nerve will innervate what group of muscles?

A

the Deep anterior muscles of the forearm

150
Q

Name the deep anterior muscles of the forearm.

***innervated by the Anterior interosseous nerve***

A

Lateral half of the Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicus longus

Pronator quadratus

151
Q

At what level will the Anterior Interossuos nerve terminate?

A

at the Pronator quadratus muscle

152
Q

Does the Anterior interosseous nerve enter the hand?

A

No, becuase it is terminated before entering the hand at the wrist (Pronator quadratus muscle)

153
Q

The main branch of the Median nerve will continue distally and what two muscles will it be sandwiched in between?

A

Flexor digitorium profundus

and

Flexor digitorum superficialis

154
Q

When you dissect and flip the Flexor digitorum superficialis what nerve will you see adhered to that muscle?

A

Median nerve

155
Q

Just before the level of the wrist the Median Nerve will give off what superficial nerve?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve

156
Q

Where will the Median nerve provide sensation to?

A

Lateral aspect of the palmer hand

157
Q

What is the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

compression of the Median nerve in the Carpal Tunnel.

158
Q

If someone comes with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, where should there be numbness and thingling?

A

Lateral aspect of the palmer side

159
Q

How many structures transmit through the Carpal tunnel?

A

9 tendons

1 nerve

160
Q

Digit branches from the Median Nerve provides what?

A

Sensation to the 1, 2, 3 (sometimes half of 4) and the tips of those fingers

161
Q

One last nerve that branches off the median nerve swings back proximally, what is that nerve?

A

Recurrent median nerve

162
Q

What does the recurrent median nerve provide?

A

sensation to the Thenar eminence

163
Q

What is Parasythesia?

A

partial or weird sensation

164
Q

What is Anasthyia?

A

No sensation

165
Q

What does Dermatomes portray?

A

the sensation relations with nerve ROOT and skin

166
Q

What does Myotomes portray?

A

relations with nerve ROOT and action

167
Q

Where is the usual location of impingement of the Median Nerve?

A

As the Median Nerve enters in between the two heads of Pronator teres

168
Q

What does the Main branch of Median Nerve travel along to innervate the majority of the Flexor compartment muscles?

A

underside of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

169
Q

What are the Flexor compartment muscles?

A

Pronator teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Anatomy 2 (6 decks)

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