Brachial plexus Flashcards
0
Q
The roots receive a gray ramus communicans from where?
A
the sympathetic trunk
1
Q
what forms the brachial plexus?
A
the anterior primary ramus of C5 through T1
2
Q
where does the roots pass between on their way to the posterior triangle?
A
the anterior and middle scalene
3
Q
what are the three cervical ganglions associated with the roots?
A
the superior, middle, and inferior (stellate) ganglion
4
Q
where do the roots pass after the posterior triangle?
A
posterior and superior to subclavian artery
5
Q
What are the trunks of the branchial plexus?
A
Superior, Middle, Inferior trunk
6
Q
what roots make of the superior trunk
A
C5 and C6
7
Q
what roots make up the middle trunk
A
C7
8
Q
what roots make up the inferior trunk
A
C8 and T1
9
Q
what do the trunks pass over before they arrive in the axilla
A
over rib 1
10
Q
what does each trunk split into?
A
anterior and posterior division
11
Q
what supplies the anterior compartment of the arm and forearm
A
anterior division
12
Q
what supplies the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm
A
posterior dividsion
13
Q
What is formed by the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk?
A
lateral cord
14
Q
the lateral cord contains fibers from which roots?
A
C5, C6, and C7
15
Q
the lateral cord produces which nerves?
A
musculocutaneous and 1/2 median
16
Q
what lies lateral to the second part of the axillary artery
A
lateral cord
17
Q
what is made from the anterior division of the inferior trunk
A
medial cord
18
Q
the medial cord contain fibers from which roots
A
C8, T1
19
Q
what lies medial to the second part of the axillary artery
A
medial cord
20
Q
what is nerves come from the medial cord
A
ulnar, and 1/2 median
21
Q
what is formed by the union of the posterior division of all three trunks?
A
posterior cord
22
Q
the posterior cord contains fibers from which roots
A
C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
23
Q
what nerves come from the posterior cord
A
axillary and radial nerve
24
what lies posterior to the second part of axillary artery
posterior cord
25
the dorsal scapular nerve contains fibers from which root
C5
26
what muscles are supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve
levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
27
which muscle supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve that also receives fiber from another root and what roots are they?
levator scapula from C3 and C4
28
what nerves are from from roots of the brachial plexus
dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve
29
what roots form form the long thoracic nerve
C5, C6, and C7
30
what muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve
serratus anterior muscle
31
What nerves come off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
suprascapular nerve and nerve to the subclavius
32
the suprascapular nerve contains fibers from what roots
C5, C6
33
what muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
34
the nerve to the subclavius contains fibers from which roots
C5 and C6
35
what muscle is supplied by the nerve to the subclavius
subclavius
36
what nerves come from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve
37
what lateral pectoral nerve gets fibers from which roots
C5, C6, and C7
38
what muscle is supplied by the lateral pectoral nerve
pectoralis major
39
what other nerve innervates the pectoralis major
medial pectoral nerve
40
the musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from which roots
C5, C6, and C7
41
what muscles of the anterior arm are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
42
what muscle is pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis
43
after the musculocutaneous nerve passes between the biceps and the brachialis in to the forearm it becomes what?
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
44
what is supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
the skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm, not the hand
45
what are the two terminal branches of the lateral cord
musclocutaneous nerve and the median nerve
46
What are branches off the medial cord of the brachial plxus
medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve, median nerve
47
the medial pectoral nerve contains fibers form which roots
C8 and T1
48
what muscles are supplied by the medial pectoral nerve
pectoralis major and minor
49
the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm receives fibers form which root
C8 and T1
50
what areas are supplied by the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow
51
the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm also receives fibers from which root through what
T2 from intercostobrachial nerve
52
the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm receives fibers from which roots
C8 and T1
53
what area is supplied by the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
skin over the biceps brachii; anterior and medial aspects of the forearm distal to the wrist
54
where does the medial cutaneous of the forearm leave the medial cord
just distal to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
55
the ulnar nerve contains fibers from which roots
C8 and T1 sometimes C7
56
how does the ulnar nerve travel in the arm
medial to the brachial artery, in the medial bicipital sulcus
57
how does the ulnar nerve travel in the forearm
crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve, continues into the forearm between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
58
what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve
flexor carpi ularis, medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
59
what are the two sensory branches given off by the ulnar nerve
dorsal branch and palmar branch
60
dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what area
ulnar side of the posterior hand
61
what is supplied by the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve
skin over the hypothenar eminence
62
what is the path of the ulnar nerve to the wrist?
it travels deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist, passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum
63
once the ulnar nerve passes the flexor retinaculum what does it divide into?
the superficial and deep
64
what do the three terminal branches of the superficial ulnar nerve supply?
palmar aspect of the little finger and medial half of the ring finger
65
what is supplied by the deep ulnar branch?
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, abductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei (dorsal and palmer), lumbricals 3 and 4
66
what is a clinical consideration associated with the ulnar nerve?
claw hand
67
the median nerve contains fibers from what two cords?
lateral and medial
68
the median nerve contains fibers from which roots?
C6, C7, C8, and T1
69
how does the median never travel in the arm?
in the medial bicipital sulcus
70
how does the median nerve travel in the forearm?
crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm after passing between the two heads of the pronator teres
71
what are the muscles innervated by the median nerve?
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus
72
how does the median nerve innervate the pronator quadratus?
by way of the anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm, which is given off the median nerve in the elbow
73
where is the palmer branch of the median nerve off?
distal third of the forearm
74
what is supplied by the palmer branch of the median nerve?
the skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm
75
how does the median nerve travel to the wrist?
it passes through the carpal tunnel and divides into three common palmar digital nerves
76
what is supplied by the three common palmar digital nerves
the first two lumbrical muscles, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head) opponens pollicis
77
what does each common palmar nerve split into?
tow proper palmar digital nerves
78
what are the function of the two proper palmar digital nerves?
sensory function, supplies skin over the lateral three and a half digits
79
what else does the median nerve supply?
periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, usually communicates with the ulnar nerve at the wrist
80
what are some clinical considerations of the median nerve?
hand of oath/benediction, carpal tunnel syndrome, unable to pronate
81
what are the branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
superior subscapular, thoracodorsal, inferior subscapular, axillary nerve
82
what is supplied by the superior subscapular nerve and what roots are involved?
subscapularis and roots C5, C6
83
what is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and what roots are involved?
latissimus dorsi, C6,C7, and C8
84
what is innervated by the inferior subscapular nerve and what roots are involved?
subscapularis and teres major; C5, C6
85
what is innervated by the axillary nerve and what roots re involved?
deltoid and teres minor; C5, C6
86
what is the sensory branch that comes off the axillary nerve and what area does it supply?
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm; supplies skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm
87
what roots are involved in the radial nerve?
C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1
88
what is supplied by the radial nerve?
all muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
89
how does the radial nerve travel down the arm?
spirals around to posterior of the humerus from the medial bicipital sulcus, passes into the forearm on the anterior side of the elbow after traveling between the brachialis and brachioradialis
90
what does the radial nerve divide into at the head of the radius
the superior and deep branch
91
what is the path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?
follows the brachioradialis to the distal third of the forearm, from where it travels between the brachioradialis and the radius to the posterior surface of the hand
92
what is the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve?
it penetrates the supinator muscle, gives off a series of branches to supply posterior forearm muscles before terminating as the posterior interosseous nerve
93
where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm come off the radial nerve and what does it supply?
branches off in the upper arm, supplies the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm
94
where does the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm branch off the radial nerve?
in the middle arm
95
what do the muscular branches of the radial nerve supply in the arm?
all three heads of the triceps brachii, anconeus (by way of a branch off the branch to the medial head of the triceps brachii
96
where is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm given off the and what does it supply?
given off in the upper arm, supplies a narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm
97
what is supplied by the branches of the radial nerve that come off the at the level of the lateral epicondyle?
brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus
98
in the forearm the radial nerve splits into what branches?
the deep and superficial branches
99
what is supplied by the superficial branch of the radial N?
radial side of the posterior hand, extensor side of the thumb, extensor side of the proximal phalanges of digit 2 and 3, lateral half of the extensor side of the ring finger
100
what else is given off by the superficial branch of the radial n?
communicating branch with the ulnar nerve
101
what is supplied by the deep branch of the radial nerve?
extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
102
what is the terminal branch of the deep branch of the radial nerve?
posterior interosseous nerve
103
what is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve?
extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
104
what are the clinical considerations of the radial nerve?
wrist drop, triceps and brachioradialis reflexes
105
what are some brachial plexus injuries?
supraclavicular - Erb-Duchenne
| infraclavicular - klumpke
106
what is klumpke?
a birth defect- primary hand problems, thenar, hypothenar, interossei muscles, flex carpi ulnaris, medial half flex digitorum profundus
107
what is Horners syndrome?
T1 involvment- ptosis, myosis, sympathetic pathway
108
what is Erb-Duchenne?
birth defect- involves the suprascapular n. musculocutaneous n. axillary n. effects the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, deltoid
