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PNS Cervical and Brachial Plexuses > Brachial plexus > Flashcards

Brachial plexus Flashcards

0
Q

The roots receive a gray ramus communicans from where?

A

the sympathetic trunk

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1
Q

what forms the brachial plexus?

A

the anterior primary ramus of C5 through T1

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2
Q

where does the roots pass between on their way to the posterior triangle?

A

the anterior and middle scalene

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3
Q

what are the three cervical ganglions associated with the roots?

A

the superior, middle, and inferior (stellate) ganglion

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4
Q

where do the roots pass after the posterior triangle?

A

posterior and superior to subclavian artery

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5
Q

What are the trunks of the branchial plexus?

A

Superior, Middle, Inferior trunk

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6
Q

what roots make of the superior trunk

A

C5 and C6

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7
Q

what roots make up the middle trunk

A

C7

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8
Q

what roots make up the inferior trunk

A

C8 and T1

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9
Q

what do the trunks pass over before they arrive in the axilla

A

over rib 1

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10
Q

what does each trunk split into?

A

anterior and posterior division

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11
Q

what supplies the anterior compartment of the arm and forearm

A

anterior division

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12
Q

what supplies the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

A

posterior dividsion

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13
Q

What is formed by the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk?

A

lateral cord

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14
Q

the lateral cord contains fibers from which roots?

A

C5, C6, and C7

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15
Q

the lateral cord produces which nerves?

A

musculocutaneous and 1/2 median

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16
Q

what lies lateral to the second part of the axillary artery

A

lateral cord

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17
Q

what is made from the anterior division of the inferior trunk

A

medial cord

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18
Q

the medial cord contain fibers from which roots

A

C8, T1

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19
Q

what lies medial to the second part of the axillary artery

A

medial cord

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20
Q

what is nerves come from the medial cord

A

ulnar, and 1/2 median

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21
Q

what is formed by the union of the posterior division of all three trunks?

A

posterior cord

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22
Q

the posterior cord contains fibers from which roots

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1

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23
Q

what nerves come from the posterior cord

A

axillary and radial nerve

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24
Q

what lies posterior to the second part of axillary artery

A

posterior cord

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25
Q

the dorsal scapular nerve contains fibers from which root

A

C5

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26
Q

what muscles are supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve

A

levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

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27
Q

which muscle supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve that also receives fiber from another root and what roots are they?

A

levator scapula from C3 and C4

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28
Q

what nerves are from from roots of the brachial plexus

A

dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve

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29
Q

what roots form form the long thoracic nerve

A

C5, C6, and C7

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30
Q

what muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve

A

serratus anterior muscle

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31
Q

What nerves come off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

suprascapular nerve and nerve to the subclavius

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32
Q

the suprascapular nerve contains fibers from what roots

A

C5, C6

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33
Q

what muscles are supplied by the suprascapular nerve

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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34
Q

the nerve to the subclavius contains fibers from which roots

A

C5 and C6

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35
Q

what muscle is supplied by the nerve to the subclavius

A

subclavius

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36
Q

what nerves come from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve

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37
Q

what lateral pectoral nerve gets fibers from which roots

A

C5, C6, and C7

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38
Q

what muscle is supplied by the lateral pectoral nerve

A

pectoralis major

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39
Q

what other nerve innervates the pectoralis major

A

medial pectoral nerve

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40
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from which roots

A

C5, C6, and C7

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41
Q

what muscles of the anterior arm are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve

A

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

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42
Q

what muscle is pierced by the musculocutaneous nerve

A

coracobrachialis

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43
Q

after the musculocutaneous nerve passes between the biceps and the brachialis in to the forearm it becomes what?

A

lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

44
Q

what is supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

the skin over the lateral aspect of the forearm, not the hand

45
Q

what are the two terminal branches of the lateral cord

A

musclocutaneous nerve and the median nerve

46
Q

What are branches off the medial cord of the brachial plxus

A

medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve, median nerve

47
Q

the medial pectoral nerve contains fibers form which roots

A

C8 and T1

48
Q

what muscles are supplied by the medial pectoral nerve

A

pectoralis major and minor

49
Q

the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm receives fibers form which root

A

C8 and T1

50
Q

what areas are supplied by the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

A

skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow

51
Q

the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm also receives fibers from which root through what

A

T2 from intercostobrachial nerve

52
Q

the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm receives fibers from which roots

A

C8 and T1

53
Q

what area is supplied by the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

A

skin over the biceps brachii; anterior and medial aspects of the forearm distal to the wrist

54
Q

where does the medial cutaneous of the forearm leave the medial cord

A

just distal to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

55
Q

the ulnar nerve contains fibers from which roots

A

C8 and T1 sometimes C7

56
Q

how does the ulnar nerve travel in the arm

A

medial to the brachial artery, in the medial bicipital sulcus

57
Q

how does the ulnar nerve travel in the forearm

A

crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve, continues into the forearm between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

58
Q

what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ularis, medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus

59
Q

what are the two sensory branches given off by the ulnar nerve

A

dorsal branch and palmar branch

60
Q

dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what area

A

ulnar side of the posterior hand

61
Q

what is supplied by the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve

A

skin over the hypothenar eminence

62
Q

what is the path of the ulnar nerve to the wrist?

A

it travels deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist, passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum

63
Q

once the ulnar nerve passes the flexor retinaculum what does it divide into?

A

the superficial and deep

64
Q

what do the three terminal branches of the superficial ulnar nerve supply?

A

palmar aspect of the little finger and medial half of the ring finger

65
Q

what is supplied by the deep ulnar branch?

A

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, abductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei (dorsal and palmer), lumbricals 3 and 4

66
Q

what is a clinical consideration associated with the ulnar nerve?

A

claw hand

67
Q

the median nerve contains fibers from what two cords?

A

lateral and medial

68
Q

the median nerve contains fibers from which roots?

A

C6, C7, C8, and T1

69
Q

how does the median never travel in the arm?

A

in the medial bicipital sulcus

70
Q

how does the median nerve travel in the forearm?

A

crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm after passing between the two heads of the pronator teres

71
Q

what are the muscles innervated by the median nerve?

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus

72
Q

how does the median nerve innervate the pronator quadratus?

A

by way of the anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm, which is given off the median nerve in the elbow

73
Q

where is the palmer branch of the median nerve off?

A

distal third of the forearm

74
Q

what is supplied by the palmer branch of the median nerve?

A

the skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm

75
Q

how does the median nerve travel to the wrist?

A

it passes through the carpal tunnel and divides into three common palmar digital nerves

76
Q

what is supplied by the three common palmar digital nerves

A

the first two lumbrical muscles, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head) opponens pollicis

77
Q

what does each common palmar nerve split into?

A

tow proper palmar digital nerves

78
Q

what are the function of the two proper palmar digital nerves?

A

sensory function, supplies skin over the lateral three and a half digits

79
Q

what else does the median nerve supply?

A

periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints, usually communicates with the ulnar nerve at the wrist

80
Q

what are some clinical considerations of the median nerve?

A

hand of oath/benediction, carpal tunnel syndrome, unable to pronate

81
Q

what are the branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

superior subscapular, thoracodorsal, inferior subscapular, axillary nerve

82
Q

what is supplied by the superior subscapular nerve and what roots are involved?

A

subscapularis and roots C5, C6

83
Q

what is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve and what roots are involved?

A

latissimus dorsi, C6,C7, and C8

84
Q

what is innervated by the inferior subscapular nerve and what roots are involved?

A

subscapularis and teres major; C5, C6

85
Q

what is innervated by the axillary nerve and what roots re involved?

A

deltoid and teres minor; C5, C6

86
Q

what is the sensory branch that comes off the axillary nerve and what area does it supply?

A

superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm; supplies skin over the lateral shoulder and upper arm

87
Q

what roots are involved in the radial nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1

88
Q

what is supplied by the radial nerve?

A

all muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm

89
Q

how does the radial nerve travel down the arm?

A

spirals around to posterior of the humerus from the medial bicipital sulcus, passes into the forearm on the anterior side of the elbow after traveling between the brachialis and brachioradialis

90
Q

what does the radial nerve divide into at the head of the radius

A

the superior and deep branch

91
Q

what is the path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

follows the brachioradialis to the distal third of the forearm, from where it travels between the brachioradialis and the radius to the posterior surface of the hand

92
Q

what is the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

it penetrates the supinator muscle, gives off a series of branches to supply posterior forearm muscles before terminating as the posterior interosseous nerve

93
Q

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm come off the radial nerve and what does it supply?

A

branches off in the upper arm, supplies the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm

94
Q

where does the inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm branch off the radial nerve?

A

in the middle arm

95
Q

what do the muscular branches of the radial nerve supply in the arm?

A

all three heads of the triceps brachii, anconeus (by way of a branch off the branch to the medial head of the triceps brachii

96
Q

where is the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm given off the and what does it supply?

A

given off in the upper arm, supplies a narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm

97
Q

what is supplied by the branches of the radial nerve that come off the at the level of the lateral epicondyle?

A

brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus

98
Q

in the forearm the radial nerve splits into what branches?

A

the deep and superficial branches

99
Q

what is supplied by the superficial branch of the radial N?

A

radial side of the posterior hand, extensor side of the thumb, extensor side of the proximal phalanges of digit 2 and 3, lateral half of the extensor side of the ring finger

100
Q

what else is given off by the superficial branch of the radial n?

A

communicating branch with the ulnar nerve

101
Q

what is supplied by the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis, supinator, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

102
Q

what is the terminal branch of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

103
Q

what is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve?

A

extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis

104
Q

what are the clinical considerations of the radial nerve?

A

wrist drop, triceps and brachioradialis reflexes

105
Q

what are some brachial plexus injuries?

A

supraclavicular - Erb-Duchenne

infraclavicular - klumpke

106
Q

what is klumpke?

A

a birth defect- primary hand problems, thenar, hypothenar, interossei muscles, flex carpi ulnaris, medial half flex digitorum profundus

107
Q

what is Horners syndrome?

A

T1 involvment- ptosis, myosis, sympathetic pathway

108
Q

what is Erb-Duchenne?

A

birth defect- involves the suprascapular n. musculocutaneous n. axillary n. effects the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, deltoid

PNS Cervical and Brachial Plexuses (9 decks)

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