brachial plexus Flashcards
name roots branches
- dorsal scapular
- long thoracic
name upper trunks branches
- suprascapular
- nerve to subclavius
name lateral cord branches
- lateral pectoral
- musculocutaneous
- lateral root of median nerven
name posterior cord branches
- inferior subscapular
- superior subscapular
- middle subbscapuar (thoracodorsal)
- axillary nerve
- radial nerve
name medial cord branches
- medial pectoral
- medial brachial cutaneous
- medial antebrachial cutaneous
- ulnar nerve
- medial root of median nerve
dorsal scapular
- rhomboid major
- rhomboid minor
- levator scapulae
long thoracic nerve
- serratus anterior
suprascapular nerve
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
nerve to subclavius
subclavius
lateral pectoral nerve
pec major
musculocutaneous nerve
- coracobrachialis
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- skin along lateral border of forearm when it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
lateral root and median root of median nerve
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
3 thenar muscles: - abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
- 1st 2 lumbricals (by way of anterior interosseous branch
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorum profudus (lateral half)
- pronator quadratus
- palmar cutaneous branch to lateral half of arm
- digital branches to palmar surface of lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers
- articular branches to elbow, wrist and carpal joints
F da police cars radio pronate palms up LOAF
upper subscapular nerve
subscapularis
thoracodrosal
latissimus dorsi
lower subscapular nerve
subscapularis and teres major
axillary nerve
- deltoid and teres minor
- upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm supplies skin over lower half of deltoid muscle
radial nerve
- triceps
- anconeus
- part of brachialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor muscles of forearm via deep radial nerve:
- supinator
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor indices
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- skin
medial pectoral nerve
pec major and minor muscles
medial cutaneous nerve of arm (MBC)
skin of medial side of arm
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (MABC)
skin of medial side of forearm
ulnar nerve
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor digitorum minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
- adductor pollicis
- 3rd and 4th lumbricals
- interossei
- palmaris brevis
- skin of medial side of dorsum of hand and palm
- skin of palmar and dorsal surfaces of medial 1.5 fingers
relation of axillary artery with cords
- All 3 cords lie above + lateral to 1st part of
axillary artery - medial cord crosses behind to reach the medial side of the second part of the artery - posterior cord lies behind 2nd part of the artery,
- lateral cord lies on lateral side of the 2nd part of the artery.
where does axillary artery begin and end
- continuation of subclavian artery after crosses outer border of first rib
- ends at lower border of teres major - becomes brachial artery
1st part axillary artery relations
anteriorly: skin + pec major
- cephalic vein crosses the artery
posteriorly: long thoracic nerve
laterally: 3 cords of brachial plexus
medially: axillary vein
2nd part of axillary artery relations
anteriorly: pec minor, pec major and skin
posteriorly: posterior cord of brachial plexus
laterally: lateral cord of brachial plexus
medially: medial cord of brachial plexus and axillary vein
3rd part of axillary artery relations
anteriorly: pec major for more distal part
- then medial root of median nerve crosses the artery
posteriorly: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major
- axillary and radial nerves also lie behind the artery
laterally: coracobrachialis, biceps and humerus
- lateral root of median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve also lie on lateral side
medially: ulnar nerve, axillary vein and medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
axillary branches 1st part
highest thoracic artery
- small and extremely variable
- runs along upper border of pec minor to reach 1st 2 ribs
axillary branches 2nd part
- thoracoacromial artery: divides into 4 terminal branches
- pectoral
- acromial
- clavicular
- deltoid - lateral thoracic artery
- runs along lower border of pec minor
axillary branches 3rd part
- subscapular artery
- lower border of scapula
- divides into circumflex scapula - curls around the axillary border of the scapula to reach the infraspinous fossa
- and thoracodorsal artery - descends
along the latissimus dorsi muscle to reach the lateral thoracic wall. - anterior circumflex humeral artery
- posterior circumflex humeral artery
wind around
the front and the back of the surgical neck of the humerus, respectively,
and form an anastomosing circle.
posterior artery is the larger of the
two and passes through the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve to
reach the scapular region
how does axillary artery anastomose with subclavian and why
- extreme mobility of shoulder joint may result in kinking and temporary occlusion of its lumen
- suprascapular artery distirbuted to infra and superspinous fossae
- superficial cervical artery gives off deep branch that runs down the medial border of the scapula
these both anastomose with 3rd part of axillary artery branches
