BP, Pulses and Murmurs Flashcards
briefly go over and explain the pulse scale
0 indicating no palpable pulse; 1 + indicating a faint, but detectable pulse; 2 + suggesting a slightly more diminished pulse than normal; 3 + is a normal pulse; and 4 + indicating a bounding pulse.
this is the absence of a palpable pulse despite an audible heartbeat over the precordium. in what medical condition is this commonly found?
pulse deficit; aFib
aortic regurgitation is associated with what type of pulse pressure?
widened
a wide pulse pressure is typically at least ___mmHg for systolic and a diastolic of what value?
60 mmHg; less 70 mmHg
this murmur sounds exactly like mitral stenosis; pathogenesis is not understood, but it results from interaction between regurgitant jet and mitral valve inflow
austin-flint murmur
Signs of classical cardiac tamponade include three signs, known as what? What are the signs?
Beck’s triad - JVD, muffled heart signs, narrowed pulse pressure
visible pulsation in the nail bed
quincke’s pulse
“pistel shot” sound over the femoral artery
traube’s sound
bobbing of the uvula
müller’s pulse; müller üvular!!
head bobbing in synchrony with the heart beat
de Musset’s sign
femoral artery bruit induced by light pressure over the artery
Duroziez’s sign
visible carotid pulsations
corrigan’s pulse
jerky pulse with full expansion followed by sudden collapse; rapid and sudden systolic expansion; commonly seen in which two conditions related to the heart?
water-hammer pulse; aortic regurgitation and PDA - Note: “Watson’s water hammer pulse” and “Corrigan’s pulse” refer to similar observations. However, the former usually refers to measurement of a pulse on a limb, while the latter refers to measurement of the pulse of the carotid artery
pulse that describes a regular rate but with the amplitude varying from beat to beat with weak and strong beats. also name two conditions in which this is commonly seen.
Note: this is basically just alternating amplitudes of pulse pressure known as alternating pulse (pulsus alternans); CHF and left ventricular failure
a pulse with two strong systolic peaks separated by midsystolic dip.
biferious pulse (pulsus biferiens)
pulse with two beats in rapid succession followed by longer interval;
bigeminal pulse (pulsus bigeminus)
pulse that is normal when patient is resting, but increases on standing or sitting.
labile pulse
pulse in which the systolic BP changes during respiratory cycle (it increases abnormally);
paradoxical pulse; normally systolic BP increases with inspiration, but with this it increases to an abnormally high value.
pulse that refers to unequal pulses between left and right extremities - this also commonly leads to what?
pulses differens - impaired circulation
pulse that involves 3 beats followed by a pause - often benign or malignant?
trigeminal pulse; benign - can occur after exercise.
small, slow rising delayed pulse with a notch or shoulder on the ascending limb - commonly seen with aortic stenosis
pulsus tardus; anacrotic pulse; plateau pulse; pulsus parvus;
an artificially and falsely elevated blood pressure reading obtained through sphygmomanometry due to arteriosclerotic, calcified blood vessels which do not physiologically compress with pressure.
osler’s sign of pseudo-hypertension - Because they do not compress with pressure normally, the blood pressure reading is higher than it truly ought to be.
what is your normally palpable radial pulse? femoral? carotid?
80, 60, 40 - if only the patient’s carotid pulse is palpable, the systolic blood pressure is 60-70 mm Hg; if carotid and femoral pulses are palpable, the systolic blood pressure is 70-80 mm Hg; and if the radial pulse is also palpable, the systolic blood pressure is more than 80 mm Hg (this is the principle)
what is the site of measurement for taking BP?
at the level of the RA with the arm supported
