BP and Hypertension Patho Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 major components of BP?
A
CO and SVR
2
Q
Short Term BP Regulation
A
- Need to quickly accommodate BP (may be behavioral, emotional, physiologic)
- Mediated by sympathetic nervous system
- Influences HR and SVR
3
Q
Long Term BP Regulation
A
- RAAS system
- Neural/hormonal/renal interaction
- Connected with fluid volume homeostasis
- Influences HR, SV, SVR
4
Q
RAAS
A
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
5
Q
Renin
A
- Baroreceptors sense decrease in volume or BP so signals kidneys to release renin into the bloodstream
- Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in liver
6
Q
Angiotensin I
A
- Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in lungs
- Converted by Angiotensin-converting enzyme
7
Q
Angiotensin II
A
- Primary player in regulation
- Causes potent vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
- Vasoconstriction increased PVR which increases BP
8
Q
Aldosterone
A
- Causes sodium and water retention
- Retained sodium and water increase blood volume
- Increased blood volume causes increased BP
9
Q
Long term circulating Angiotensin II
A
- Long term vasoconstriction
- Long term HTN
- Decreased blood flow to brain may cause stroke
- Decreased blood flow to kidneys causes repeat of this cycle
10
Q
End Organs and RAAS system
A
- HTN can cause long term negative effects in end organs: brain, heart, adrenal glands, kidneys, efferent arterioles
- Preventable downstream effects
11
Q
Hypertension Definition
A
- Increase in BP
- Most common primary diagnosis in the US
- About 30% of population and increasing, also increasing in global population
- More chronic illness with less infectious disease
12
Q
Primary HTN
A
- 90% of cases
- Idiopathic = unknown cause
13
Q
Secondary HTN
A
- 10% of cases
- Specific cause
- Examples: ingesting something that causes HTN (salt, meds, supplements, caffeine, food), sleep apnea, pregnancy
- Most of these are preventable causes
14
Q
Risk Factors for HTN
A
- Most are Preventable/Modifiable
- Having 2+ risk factors significantly increases your risk for stoke/heart attack/heart disease/etc
- Smoking, diabetes, dislipidemia, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, chronic kidney disease, family history, increased age, low SES, male, sleep apnea, psychosocial stress, race/ethnicity, genetics
15
Q
Childhood/Adolescent Risk Factors for HTN
A
- Maternal smoking
- Gestational HTN
- Diet
- Low birth weight followed by rapid growth
- Low SES of mom
- Inadequate calcium in pregnancy
- Breastfeeding reduces risk
