Boyle's and Charles' Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

State Boyle’s Law

A

The pressure and volume of an ideal gas are inversely proportional when kept at a constant temperature

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2
Q

State Charles’ Law

A

The absolute temperature and volume of a gas are directly proportional when kept at a constant pressure

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3
Q

How would you measure the cross sectional area of inside of a syringe

A
  • Remove the plunger and then using a micrometer measure the diameter of the seal
  • This value can then be substituted into the circular area equation
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4
Q

Why should the clip used to seal the tubing coming from the syringe be as close to the syringe tip as possible

A

The volume of air trapped in the tubing should be as small as possible so that is negligible in comparison to the volume in the syringe

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5
Q

Suggest how a mass hanger could be attached to the plunger of the syringe

A
  • A small piece of string can be tied to the plunger to form a loop
  • The hanger can then hook onot this loop
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6
Q

Why should the syringe be clamped above the region of the plunger’s motion

A
  • Clamping the syringe can distort the barrel and hinder the motion of the plunger
  • By clamping above the region in which the plunger moves, this problem is avoided
  • It also ensures that the scale of the syringe isn’t covered by the clamp
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7
Q

Why should the syringe be clamped at a relatively high positon

A

The syringe should be clamped at a height so that the plunger has space to move downwards as masses are added

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8
Q

How can the force exerted by the masses by calculated

A

F = mg

Force = Mass x Gravitational Field Strength

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9
Q

How can the pressure exerted by the masses on the air sample be calculated

A

Pressure = Force / Cross Sectional Area of Plunger

The pressure should then be subtracted from the standard atmospheric pressure

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10
Q

State the value of standard atmospheric pressure

A

101 kPa

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11
Q

Describe the relationship that should be found when a graph of 1/V against P is plotted

A

Pressure and volume are inversely proportioanl so the graph of 1/V against P should be a straight line that passes through the origin

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12
Q

Suggest why a straight line may not be produced when plotting a graoh of 1/V against P

A
  • The plunger may have experienced some resistance to its motion as masses were added
  • This sticking of the plunger would create error that may result in an inaccurate measured change in volume
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13
Q

What safety precautions should be taken when using concentrated sulfuric acid

A
  • Safety googles should be worn to ensure no acid enters your eyes
  • Gloves could be worn to ensure there is no contact between the acid and your skin
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14
Q

What safety precautions should be taken when working with a hot beaker of water

A
  • Avoid touching the hot beaker with bare hands, ensure it is handled with gloves and take care to avoid spillages
  • A heatproof mat should be used to protect the bench
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15
Q

What should you do before recording each measurement of water temperature

A
  • You should aways stir the water before taking a temperature measurement
  • This means that the reading is an appropriate and accurate reflection of the average temperature of the water in the beaker
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16
Q

Explain how an estimate of absolute zero can be obtained from a graph of length of air sample against temperature

A
  • The graph will be of the form
  • L = mθ + c
  • Substituting values from the graph to obtain c and then rearranging for θ when L = 0 to obtain a value for absolute zero