Boxing day tsunami 2004 Flashcards
where and when?
26th December 2004 in Indonesia of coast of Banda Aceh in Indian Ocean
- epicenter of Earthquake 265km off coast
where was affected?
Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Seychelles, Maldives, India, Thailand, Indonesia
what plates did it occur on?
Indio Australian plate subducted below Eurasian plate
said to subduct 6cm/year
what magnitude was it?
magnitude 9 on the Richter scale
What time did the tsunami reach shores with the effect and why? (social)
1 AM this took many coastal populations taken by surprise due to the lack of tsunami warning systems in Indian Ocean. Surrounded by LEDC’s so can’t afford systems for a low frequency event
what is population density like and how did this affect it?
population density is extremely high so added to the death toll
What is the climate like and what does this mean?
hot climate so disease and lack of sanitation contributes to death toll
how many people died? (social)
and how many made homeless? (social)
quarter of a million people died
two million were made homeless
How badly was Bangladesh affected? (social)
even though Bangladesh was the closest and low lying it was not badly effected
where was badly hit? (social)
Kalutara, Sri Lanka was badly hit with villages and tourist resources flooded on coast
Indian state of Kerala hit despite shield of Sri Lanka due to refracting waves
beach resorts on Phi Phi islands decimated
where was most badly affected? (social)
Aceh province of Sumatra
closest to the epicenter
how many people were displaced?
1.7 million
What percentage of fishing fleet was lost? (economic)
66% (250,000 employed)
many communities affected were dependent on the fishing industry
Why did some tourists not return? (economic)
psychological reasons
What effect did the tsunami have on farming? (economic)
irrigation is difficult and fields became swamped by seawater
what particular industries were most affected and which places did this impact? (social)
islands reliant on tourism and fishing such as the Maldives had to rebuild industries
what natural swamps helped act as a barrier against the tsunami? (environmental)
mangrove swamps helped to reduce the energy of the water in some areas
what ecosystems were destroyed by the tsunami? (environmental)
mangroves, coral reefs and forests were destroyed by wave surges
why did pollution of ecosystems increase after the tsunami? (environmental)
human and chemical waste was in the flood water
what covered arable land after the tsunami? (environmental)
salt covered arable land so soil became infertile
what country provided search and rescue? (short term management)
the US
what was set up by overseas AID workers? (short term management)
refugee camps and clinics were set up
how much in total was sent by AID? (short term management)
$14 million
examples of organisations that sent AID (short term management)
UNICEF
RED CROSS
What short term AID was given from many international countries?
water purification tablets, temporary housing and medical supplies and huge amounts of humanitarian aid was given to affected areas
what has now been set up in the Indian Ocean? (long term management)
an early warning system between countries surrounding the Indian Ocean has bee set up
what slowed AID efforts? (long term management)
corruption
what development research has been done? (long term management)
development research into earthquake/tsunami management/warning systems/drills
where has a tsunami warning system been implemented? (long term management)
Thailand
what did wealthy countries do?
provided donations for reconstruction/ development
e.g. UK
