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exam4 > bowel elimination power point > Flashcards

bowel elimination power point Flashcards

1
Q

the gastrointestinal system is respospible for

A

digestion and absorptiotion of nutrients and fluids

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2
Q

esophagus is

A

a collapsible tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach

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3
Q

primary function

primary function of esophagus

A

transport solids and liquids from the mouth to the stomach

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4
Q

chyme is

A

thick fluid mass pf [artially digested food and gastric secretions that is carried into the small intestine

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5
Q

the stomach produces an secrets __ _ __ _

A

hydrolchloric acid

pepsin

intronsic factor

mucus

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6
Q

hydrolichacid main function

A

helps kill harmful bactirea

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7
Q

pepsin main funcion

A

degrade protien

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8
Q

intrensic factor is, what is it needed for

A

protien produced by cells in the stomach lining, needed to efficently absorb vitamin B12

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9
Q

mucous role in GI

A

protect the stomach lining

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10
Q

small intestine 3 segments

A

dudenum

jujenum

illeum

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11
Q

the dudoneum main function

A

secrete hormons whic trigger pancreas to relase pancreatic juice an bile

protects the intestine by secreting chemicals that nutrelize the acidity of the chyme

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12
Q

how long is small intestine

A

18-21 ft

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13
Q

how long is large intestine

A

5.5 ft

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14
Q

the large intstine is composide of

A

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
decending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

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15
Q

peristalsis is

A

the progressive contraction and relaxation of the walls of the intestine

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16
Q

functions of the colon

A

absorption secretions and elemination

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17
Q

diarrhea is a alteration in ______ function causes

A

colonic function, causes serious electrolytes imbalances

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18
Q

water is absorbed from

A

indigestible food rsidue

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19
Q

nutrients and electrolytes are absorbed from

A

digested food that has passed from small intestine

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20
Q

waste from the body is eliminated though

A

the formation of feces and expelled from the by way of the rectum and anus

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21
Q

the rectun is

A

final portion of large intestine

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22
Q

the rectum has_____ that remporarlily hold ____ _____

A

folds

fecal contents

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23
Q

each fold in rectum has a ____and a _____ that can be ______ from presure during ______

A

artery and a vein

distended from pressure

straining

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24
Q

hemorrhoids are

A

swollen and inflamed beins in the anus or lower rectum

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25
Q

the funal act of digestion is called

A

defecation

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26
Q

frequency and amount of defecation is the same for everyone

A

wrong it differs from person to peron

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27
Q

when doy you get the urge to defecat

A

when peritaltic waves move the waste into rectum the nerves in rectum are stimulated and the urge to deficate coms

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28
Q

charasteristics of feces depends on

A

diet illness medication and age

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29
Q

hospitalized patients are at risk for alterations for bowel eleminations due to

A

psychological issues

surgical alterations, or disease processes

change in diet

medications

mobility issues

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30
Q

psychological issues that affect bowel

A

anxity depression stress or eating disorders

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31
Q

diahrrhea is charactrerized by

A

hyper active bowel sounds

urgency

abdominal pain

cramping

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32
Q

diarrhea is associated with disorders that affect

A

digestion absoption and secretion

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33
Q

pathological conditions and other factors that cause diahrea

A

allergies

intolerance to food fluids or drugs

antibiotic use

cathartic or laxative use

foodborne pathogens

disreas of the colon

diagnotic testing of the lower gi tract

entral nutrition usage

medocations

psychological stress

surgey of gi tract

and C diff

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34
Q

C diff is a

A

actirum that causes diarrhea

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35
Q

C diff is transmitted by

A

contact

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36
Q

clinical symptoms of C diff

A

fould smelling

watery

diarrhea three or motetimes a day for two days

mild abdominal cramping and tenderness

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37
Q

prolonged diarrhea could lead to

A

nutritional and metabolic disturances

resultant fatigue
weakness

malaise (very tired)

and loss of a substantial amount of fat and muscle tissue

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38
Q

prolonged diarrhea symptoms

A

irritation of the anal region, increasing the risk for skin breakdown

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39
Q

Incontinence is

A

the loss of voluntary control of fecal and gaseous discharges through the anus

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40
Q

Incontinence risks

A

skin breakdown

may suffer from social isolation related to embarrassment

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41
Q

Constipation is a complication of

A

pregnancy and occurs after surgery.

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42
Q

constipation is a common problem for

A

Women

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43
Q

aults older than __ are more likley to have constipation

A

65

44
Q

Constipation is

A

having infrequent or difficult bowel movements

45
Q

having fewer than _ bowel movements a week is constipation

A

3

46
Q

Slowed intestinal peristalsis and infrequent bowel movements result in

A

increased water absorption in the colon, leading to difficulty passing stool

excessive straining at defecation

the inability to defecate at will

hard feces

rectal pain

47
Q

Constipation signs

A

abdominal cramping

pain

pressure

distention

anorexia

headache

48
Q

what diet is best for constipation

A

high fiber with low animal fat

49
Q

CONSTIPATION CAUSES​

A

Irregular bowel habits ​

ignoring the urge to defecate​

a diet low in fiber or high in animal fats ​

Hemorrhoids​

low fluid intake​

conditions that block nerve impulses to the colon, including spinal cord injury and tumor, may have changes in bowel patterns​

Metabolic conditions such as hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, or hypokalemia slow GI motility or increase water absorption​

50
Q

OTHER CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION​

A

Psychiatric issues, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, may lead to changes in bowel habits or decreased recognition of defecation urge. ​

Prolonged periods of bed rest or lack of regular exercise will slow GI motility. ​

Medications​

Laxative misuse is associated with rebound constipation​

Older adults may experience slowed peristalsis related to the loss of muscle elasticity, reduced intestinal mucous secretion​

51
Q

CONSTIPATION RISK​

A

Straining

elevations in intraocular pressure

increased intracranial pressure

changes in cardiac rhythms

hemorrhoids

52
Q

Valsalva maneuver causes

A

extremely rapid rise in blood pressure

fall in arterial blood pressure

dizziness

blurred vision

fainting

53
Q

IMPACTION​ is

A

the presence of a hard fecal mass in the rectum or colon that the patient is incapable of expelling

54
Q

Impaction is the result of

A

unresolved constipation

55
Q

Impaction is seen most often in

A

debilitated, confused, or unconscious patients.​

56
Q

The cardinal sign of impaction is

A

continuous oozing of liquid stool with no normal stool

57
Q

impaction signs

A

loss of appetite
nausea
vomiting
abdominal distention
cramping
rectal pain

58
Q

Diagnosis of impaction is by

A

digital examination and palpation of fecal mass

59
Q

Patients receiving barium for diagnosis is encouraged to

A

increase fluids or is given laxatives or enemas to ensure removal of the barium.​

60
Q

Flatulence is

A

mixture of gases in the intestine, by-products of the digestive process

61
Q

flatus is expelled from

A

mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)

62
Q

Severe flatulence often is associated with

A

abdominal distention and severe sharp pain.​

63
Q

what activity promote movement of gases through the intestines

A

walking and rocking

64
Q

A colostomy is surgically created when

A

portion of the colon (large intestine) or the rectum is removed and the remaining colon is brought through the abdominal wall at skin level to allow passage of stool waste. ​

65
Q

A temporary colostomy is used to

A

allow the lower portion of the colon to rest or hea

66
Q

Permanent colostomies are placed when

A

Permanent colostomies are placed when surgical resection of diseased tissue leads to loss of part of the colon. They are created as a treatment for colorectal cancer or after the lower digestive tract is removed due to illness or disease. ​

67
Q

in ILEOSTOMY ​the small intestine

A

The small intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to form a stoma at skin level to allow passage of waste.

68
Q

stools from ileostomy cannot

A

be regulated

69
Q

patients with ileostomies have to

A

wear an appliance continuously and take special precautions to prevent skin breakdown.

70
Q

what to monitor in patients with ileostomy

A

Fluid and electrolyte balance

71
Q

Food intolerance results in

A

digestive upset and, in some instances, the passage of watery stools, diarrhea, cramps, or flatulence.​

72
Q

gas-producing foods

A

onions, and beans

73
Q

gas producting foods cause

A

intestinal walls can become distended, increasing colon motility.

74
Q

poor fluid intake causes

A

constipation

75
Q

Regular physical activity promotes

A

peristalsis and facilitates movement of chyme through the colon.​

76
Q

stress accelerates

A

the digestive process, and peristalsis is increased.

77
Q

stress also causes

A

Diarrhea, nausea, and gaseous distention

78
Q

Diseases associated with stress

A

colitis

Crohn’s disease

ulcers

irritable bowel syndrome

79
Q

Patients with depression may have

A

lowed peristalsis, resulting in constipation.​

80
Q

The normal posture during defecation is

A

squatting

81
Q

Narcotics (pain medications) also contribute to

A

constipation

82
Q

Antibiotics contribute to

A

diarrhea

83
Q

Anticholinergic drugs and opioids causes

A

depress GI motility

84
Q

nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause

A

red or black stools depending on where the bleeding is occurring. ​

85
Q

Antacids cause

A

whitish discoloration or white specks.​

86
Q

Iron salts causes

A

constipation

black stool

87
Q

Bowel assessment

A

inspection

auscultation

palpation

stool cultures

fecal occult blood test

88
Q

Stool cultures are used to detect

A

parasites in the stool and help determine the cause of diarrhea

89
Q

Stool cultures are ordered if

A

the patient complains of diarrhea for several days or when blood or mucus is noted in loose stools.

90
Q

fecal occult blood test tests for

A

blood in the feces

91
Q

Blood may be present in the stool in association with

A

benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) growths or polyps in the colon

hemorrhoids

anal fissures

intestinal infections

ulcerative colitis

Crohn’s disease

diverticular disease

peptic ulcers

abnormalities of the blood vessels in the large intestine.

92
Q

upper GI series (barium swallow) is

A

radiologic study that defines the anatomy of the upper digestive tract to visualize the

esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

93
Q

upper gi series is used to check for conditions such as

A

ulcers

tumors

hiatal hernias

scarring

blockages

abnormalities of the GI tissues.

94
Q

An upper GI study involves some risk from

A

radiation exposure

95
Q

to avoid costipation after upper gi series you should

A

drink plenty of water

96
Q

The lower GI series, aka; barium enema, consists of

A

x-ray imaging of the rectum, colon, and lower portion of the small intestine

97
Q

lower GI series assist in diagnosis of

A

abnormal growths, ulcers, polyps, diverticula, and colon cancer

98
Q

lower GI series perparation

A

liquid diet for the 2 prior days, clear liquids only for 24 hours, and then a laxative or enema just before the procedure.​

99
Q

Colonoscopy is

A

procedure performed to visualize inflamed tissue, ulcers, and abnormal growths in the anus, rectum, and colon

100
Q

Colonoscopy is used to identify

A

early signs of colorectal cancer and diagnose unexplained changes in bowel habits,

abdominal pain

bleeding from the anus

weight loss

101
Q

colonoscopy preparations

A

NPO (nothing by mouth) status for several hours before the procedure.​

102
Q

colonoscopy is done using

A

a small camera

103
Q

Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are

A

screening tests for colorectal polyps and early signs of cancer

104
Q

Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are recomended at age __ or if patient has

A

45, family history of colorectal cancer, a personal history of inflammatory bowel disease, or other risk factors.

105
Q
A

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