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exam4 > Acid-Base, Fluids and Electrolytes power point > Flashcards

Acid-Base, Fluids and Electrolytes power point Flashcards

1
Q

3 major chemicals ae

A

bicarbonate

hydrogen

carbon dioxide

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2
Q

ph 1-7 is

A

acidic

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3
Q

ph 7-14 is

A

alkaline

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4
Q

bod requires _______

A

7.35 to 7.45 alkaline

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5
Q

Buffers absorb or release H+ to

A

maintain balance

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6
Q

raspatory process dependent on

A

raspatory minute volume, alveolar gas exchange

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7
Q

renal regulation eliminate

A

hydrogen

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8
Q

renal system affect of bicarbonate

A

it conserve bicarbonate

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9
Q

ketone is produced in

A

renal system

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10
Q

factors affecting fluid and electrolyte and acid base balances

A

age stress

weight

surgery

cardiac, hepatic, renal, and respiratory disorders

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11
Q

kidney function

A
  • Remove excess acid and HCO3- by excreting through the urine. OR* Reabsorb H+ and HCO3- and return to the blood.* Long process that can take hours to days
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12
Q

Underlying conditions that affect electrolyte and blanace

A

diabetes, chronic respiratory condition, renal failure, pain. anxiety, hypoperfusion

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13
Q

nutrition conditions that affect acid base, fluids and electrolytes

A

starvation, malnutrion, malaabsorption

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14
Q

infections that affect acid base and fluids

A

sirs, sepsis

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15
Q

4 types of acid base imbalances

A

raspatory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

respiratory acidosis is

A

gas exchange is decreased due to abnormal ventilation, prefusion or diffusion

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17
Q

respiration alkalosis cause

A

hyper ventalation and excess exhalation of co2

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18
Q

metabolic alkalosis cause

A

excess hco3- or loss of acid

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19
Q

Arterial blood gasses test steps

A
  1. Examine the oxygenation status by examining thePaO2 and O2 saturation values.
  2. Examine the pH and determine if the value falls
    within the normal ranges.
  3. Examine the PaCO2 andHCO3− values to determine whether the under
    ying disorder is metabolic or respiratory
  4. Determine whether compensation is occurring.
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20
Q

ROME stand for

A

respiratory opposite

metabolic equal

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21
Q

uncompensated means

A

Co2 or HCo3 normal

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22
Q

partially compensated mean

A

nothing is normal

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23
Q

compensated means

A

ph is normal
(7.4 baseline/neutral)

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24
Q

composition of body fluids includes

A

total body water

intracellular fluid

extracellular fluid

intestinal, intravascular, and transcellular

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25
Q

solutes types

A
  • Crystalloids and colloids* Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
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26
Q

Diffusion is when

A

particles move from high to low particles

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27
Q

osmosis is

A

O is for opposite of diffusion: water moves from low to high concentration of particles with the use of energy

28
Q

Aldosterone (adrenal cortex) is

A

Na+ levels in extra-cellular fluid, so reabsorption of Na+

29
Q

Atrial Natiuretic Peptide (ANP) (Atrium of Heart)

A

Released when heart is stretcheddue to increased fluid. Na+ is urinated out with lots of water. Measured to determine if inCHF

30
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)(Hypothalamus) are triggered when

A

when thirst center senses shift in fluid fluid/electrolyte balance. Increases the reabsorption of water, decreases urination. Dilutes bloodstream. Is not secreted if brain detects high Na+

31
Q

sodium is essential for

A

acid base buffering, psmplarity, nerve, and muscle function

32
Q

magnesium help maintain

A

serum, Ca++ levels, metabolism, production and use of atp, na-k pump, and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins

33
Q

potassium is essential for

A

nerve and muscle function

icf osmolarity

protein synthesis

na-K pump

34
Q

calcium are primary component in

A

health of bones and teeth

35
Q

hydrogen is important for

A

determines ph, acid ase balance

36
Q

chloride maintains

A

serum osmolarity, form stomach acid, buffer in acid based balance

37
Q

bicarbonates is essential to

A

buffering system in acid base balance

38
Q

phosphate maintains

A

bone and teeth health, plays a role in icf metabolism and atp production

39
Q

Electrolyte Imbalances

A

Hypocalcemia <8.5-10.5> Hypercalcemia

Hypomagnesemia <1.3-2.1> Hypermagnesemia

Hyponatremia <135-145>Hypernatremia

Hypokalemia <3.5-5.0> Hyperkalemia

Hypochloremia <95105>Hyperchloremia

Hypophosphatemia <1.7-2.6>
Hyperphosphatemia

40
Q

fluid volume deficit occors when

A

there is excessive loss or inadequat intake of fluid

41
Q

isotonic fluid eficit hypo volemia is

A

water and Na+ are lost at the same time

42
Q

F

A

water is lost in excwaa of Na+

43
Q

edema is

A

abnromal accumlation in interstatial spaces

44
Q

isotonic fluid excess

A

flid and Na+ retention increase equally resulting in a increase in circulating blood volume (no change in osmolarity)

45
Q

IV fluid are used in patient with

A

all ageswho are sick, injured, dehydrated fromexercise or heat, or undergoing surgery

46
Q

IV allows

A

tansfusion of blood and blood products to increase oxygen- carrying capacity and reestablish normal oncotic pressure

47
Q

peripherial IV site depends on

A

condition, purpose , and duration

48
Q

Types of central venous catheters

A

peripherally instrted central catheter (PICC)

nontunneled CVC

tunneled CVC

implanted port

49
Q

Complications ofintravenous therapy

A

Risk of infection, occlusion,phlebitis, infiltration, extravasation,fluid overload, speed shock, andembolism

50
Q

Care of the patient with aperipheral intravenous catheter

A

Verify correctsolution, infusion rate, amount offluid in the bag, fullness of dripchamber, tubing is not kinked,insertion site has no signs ofcomplications, and dressing is clean,dry and intact

51
Q

cental venous access tube is changed every

A

24 hours

52
Q

central conous accessgauze dressings are change every

A

48 hours

53
Q

Central Venous Access change transparent dressings every

A

5-7 days

54
Q

check CVC routinely for

A

blood return

55
Q

isotonic IV solutions

A

have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma

56
Q

Hypotonic solutions have

A

lesser concentration of solutes than plasma.

57
Q

hypertonic

A

hypertonic solutions have greater consentration of solutes than plasma

58
Q

Crystalloid IVFs contain

A

Contain small molecules that flow easily acrosssemipermeable membranes. They are categorizedaccording to their relative tonicity in relation toplasma.

59
Q

three types of crystalloid IVFs

A

isotonic, hypotonic, andhypertonic

60
Q

Colloid Solutions contain

A

protein or starch

61
Q

colloid sollutions are used to

A

re establish circulating volume and oncotic pressure

62
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) are

A

Hypertonic IV solution designed tomeet a patient’s total nutritional needs

63
Q

total parental nutrition in used when the patient is

A

unable to meet nutritional and metabolic demands

64
Q

complications of TPN

A

infection, air embolism, fluid overload, hypergycemia, and rebound hypoglucemoa

65
Q

Blood administration used to

A

maintain oxygen and carbondioxide transport capacity, forclotting, to maintain oncotic pressure,and to protect from infection, and replace lost blood

66
Q
A

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