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Acid-Base, Fluids and Electrolytes power point Flashcards

1
Q

3 major chemicals ae

A

bicarbonate

hydrogen

carbon dioxide

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2
Q

ph 1-7 is

A

acidic

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3
Q

ph 7-14 is

A

alkaline

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4
Q

bod requires _______

A

7.35 to 7.45 alkaline

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5
Q

Buffers absorb or release H+ to

A

maintain balance

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6
Q

raspatory process dependent on

A

raspatory minute volume, alveolar gas exchange

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7
Q

renal regulation eliminate

A

hydrogen

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8
Q

renal system affect of bicarbonate

A

it conserve bicarbonate

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9
Q

ketone is produced in

A

renal system

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10
Q

factors affecting fluid and electrolyte and acid base balances

A

age stress

weight

surgery

cardiac, hepatic, renal, and respiratory disorders

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11
Q

kidney function

A
  • Remove excess acid and HCO3- by excreting through the urine. OR* Reabsorb H+ and HCO3- and return to the blood.* Long process that can take hours to days
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12
Q

Underlying conditions that affect electrolyte and blanace

A

diabetes, chronic respiratory condition, renal failure, pain. anxiety, hypoperfusion

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13
Q

nutrition conditions that affect acid base, fluids and electrolytes

A

starvation, malnutrion, malaabsorption

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14
Q

infections that affect acid base and fluids

A

sirs, sepsis

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15
Q

4 types of acid base imbalances

A

raspatory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

respiratory acidosis is

A

gas exchange is decreased due to abnormal ventilation, prefusion or diffusion

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17
Q

respiration alkalosis cause

A

hyper ventalation and excess exhalation of co2

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18
Q

metabolic alkalosis cause

A

excess hco3- or loss of acid

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19
Q

Arterial blood gasses test steps

A
  1. Examine the oxygenation status by examining thePaO2 and O2 saturation values.
  2. Examine the pH and determine if the value falls
    within the normal ranges.
  3. Examine the PaCO2 andHCO3− values to determine whether the under
    ying disorder is metabolic or respiratory
  4. Determine whether compensation is occurring.
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20
Q

ROME stand for

A

respiratory opposite

metabolic equal

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21
Q

uncompensated means

A

Co2 or HCo3 normal

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22
Q

partially compensated mean

A

nothing is normal

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23
Q

compensated means

A

ph is normal
(7.4 baseline/neutral)

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24
Q

composition of body fluids includes

A

total body water

intracellular fluid

extracellular fluid

intestinal, intravascular, and transcellular

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25
solutes types
* Crystalloids and colloids* Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
26
Diffusion is when
particles move from high to low particles
27
osmosis is
O is for opposite of diffusion: water moves from low to high concentration of particles with the use of energy
28
Aldosterone (adrenal cortex) is
Na+ levels in extra-cellular fluid, so reabsorption of Na+
29
Atrial Natiuretic Peptide (ANP) (Atrium of Heart)
Released when heart is stretcheddue to increased fluid. Na+ is urinated out with lots of water. Measured to determine if inCHF
30
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)(Hypothalamus) are triggered when
when thirst center senses shift in fluid fluid/electrolyte balance. Increases the reabsorption of water, decreases urination. Dilutes bloodstream. Is not secreted if brain detects high Na+
31
sodium is essential for
acid base buffering, psmplarity, nerve, and muscle function
32
magnesium help maintain
serum, Ca++ levels, metabolism, production and use of atp, na-k pump, and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins
33
potassium is essential for
nerve and muscle function icf osmolarity protein synthesis na-K pump
34
calcium are primary component in
health of bones and teeth
35
hydrogen is important for
determines ph, acid ase balance
36
chloride maintains
serum osmolarity, form stomach acid, buffer in acid based balance
37
bicarbonates is essential to
buffering system in acid base balance
38
phosphate maintains
bone and teeth health, plays a role in icf metabolism and atp production
39
Electrolyte Imbalances
Hypocalcemia <8.5-10.5> Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia <1.3-2.1> Hypermagnesemia Hyponatremia <135-145>Hypernatremia Hypokalemia <3.5-5.0> Hyperkalemia Hypochloremia <95105>Hyperchloremia Hypophosphatemia <1.7-2.6> Hyperphosphatemia
40
fluid volume deficit occors when
there is excessive loss or inadequat intake of fluid
41
isotonic fluid eficit hypo volemia is
water and Na+ are lost at the same time
42
F
water is lost in excwaa of Na+
43
edema is
abnromal accumlation in interstatial spaces
44
isotonic fluid excess
flid and Na+ retention increase equally resulting in a increase in circulating blood volume (no change in osmolarity)
45
IV fluid are used in patient with
all ageswho are sick, injured, dehydrated fromexercise or heat, or undergoing surgery
46
IV allows
tansfusion of blood and blood products to increase oxygen- carrying capacity and reestablish normal oncotic pressure
47
peripherial IV site depends on
condition, purpose , and duration
48
Types of central venous catheters
peripherally instrted central catheter (PICC) nontunneled CVC tunneled CVC implanted port
49
Complications ofintravenous therapy
Risk of infection, occlusion,phlebitis, infiltration, extravasation,fluid overload, speed shock, andembolism
50
Care of the patient with aperipheral intravenous catheter
Verify correctsolution, infusion rate, amount offluid in the bag, fullness of dripchamber, tubing is not kinked,insertion site has no signs ofcomplications, and dressing is clean,dry and intact
51
cental venous access tube is changed every
24 hours
52
central conous accessgauze dressings are change every
48 hours
53
Central Venous Access change transparent dressings every
5-7 days
54
check CVC routinely for
blood return
55
isotonic IV solutions
have the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma
56
Hypotonic solutions have
lesser concentration of solutes than plasma.
57
hypertonic
hypertonic solutions have greater consentration of solutes than plasma
58
Crystalloid IVFs contain
Contain small molecules that flow easily acrosssemipermeable membranes. They are categorizedaccording to their relative tonicity in relation toplasma.
59
three types of crystalloid IVFs
isotonic, hypotonic, andhypertonic
60
Colloid Solutions contain
protein or starch
61
colloid sollutions are used to
re establish circulating volume and oncotic pressure
62
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) are
Hypertonic IV solution designed tomeet a patient's total nutritional needs
63
total parental nutrition in used when the patient is
unable to meet nutritional and metabolic demands
64
complications of TPN
infection, air embolism, fluid overload, hypergycemia, and rebound hypoglucemoa
65
Blood administration used to
maintain oxygen and carbondioxide transport capacity, forclotting, to maintain oncotic pressure,and to protect from infection, and replace lost blood
66

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