Bovine Respiratory Flashcards
If both nostrils have reduced airflow where is the FB/mass
Caudal to the nasal septum
What is the treatment for a fungal mass
Sodium Iodide IV
What is the common bacteria causing pharyngeal abscess
Trueperella pyogenes
What are the most common causes of pharyngeal abscess
Inapropriate use of oral dosing equipment
Stomach tubes
Coarse feedstuffs
Clinical signs of pharyngeal abscess
head/neck extension
excessive salivation
malodorous breath
severe pain on palpation
Laryngeal/pharyngeal dysfunction commonly occurs secondary to _____
Chondritis of laryngeal cartilages — secondary to necrosis/abscess from viral infection/damage
Necrotic pharyngitis is also known as
Calf diphtheria
What is the agent that causes calf diphtheria
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Clinical signs of calf diphtheria
Severe malodorous breath
Very loud honking resp noise
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) also known as red nose is caused by
Bovine Herpes 1
BHV 1.1 causes
resp Dz and abortion
BHV 1.2a causes
Genital tract infection (vulvovaginitis)
BHV 1.1b causes
Resp Dz w/o abortion
BHV1 most commonly affects calves ____ or older
6 months or older
Which virus is limited to the respiratory tract and doesn’t cause Dz in any other parts of the body
Bovine Parainfluenza 3
Which cells does PI-3 affect
Epithelial cells of resp tract resulting in bronchitis
Clinical signs of PI-3
High fever
Nasal/ocular discharge
Increased resp rate w/ tracheal rales
BRSV does not have an effect on ___
Reproduction or fetus
**Can cause abortion due to high fever
What age does BRSV affect
Calves 3-12 mo
What cells does BRSV affect
Epithelial cells of nasal mucosa to bronchi including type 2 pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages
BVDV often interacts with other infectious agents causing substantial ___ and ___ Dz
Respiratory and Digestive tract Dz
BVDV is what type of virus
Pestivirus (flaviviridae)
What days of gestation does BVDV infection cause a PI calf
42-125 days of gestation
What is the most common form of BVDV
Type 1b Non-cytopathic
What organs/cells are most affected by BVDV
Lymphoid organs
B Cells
T Cells
Neutrophils
BVDV can impair the _____ system
Innate immune system of the respiratory tract
What results from a PI calf being infected with a cytopathic strain
Mucosal Dz
Mucosal Dz characteristics
GI tract erosions/ulcers
Skin lesions
Interdigital lesions
What is the fate of PI calves
Most die by 6 mo of age
Agents causing Shipping Fever
**Mannheimia Hemolytica
**Pasturella Multocida
Histophilus Somni
Mycoplasma
Trueperella
Mannheimia Haemolytica is gram __
negative
How many days after a stressful event does shipping fever occur
6-10 days
Mannheimia haemolytica characteristic signs
Fibrinous pleuropneumonia
**Irreversible lung damage
What do the lung lobes of a cow with Mannheimia look like
Cranioventral lobes are dark red-black or gray-brown with distention of interlobular spetae
**Hepatization of the lung
The ___ layer on mannheimia causes hemorrhage, edema, hypoxemia and inflammation
LPS
Pastuerella Multocida causes
Fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia
Coalescing abscesses
**More pus forming
Abx for pasturella Tx
Gram negative spectrum
What other than Abx can be used to reduce lung inflammation and increase appetite for cows w/ pasteurella
NSAID
Corticosteroids
Vit C
What is the most common Dz manifestation for Histophilus Somni
Bronchopneumonia in lightweight calves
Pleuritis
What is the main characteristic of Mycoplasma
Lobar bronchopneumonia with severe peribronchial cuffing — in highly stressed young calves
Mycoplasma can also cause
Arthritis
Characteristic necropsy lesions for mycoplasma
Coagulative necrosis (purulent center surrounded by histiocytic/mononuclear infiltrate)
Mycoplasma causes a ____ response
Th-2 immune response
Why does vaccination not help with mycoplasma
Infection causes Th-2 response
Vaccination causes Th-1 response (IF-g)
Which group of Abx is not effective for mycoplasma
Beta-lactams due to lack of cell wall
What causes Fog Fever
1-tryptophan in the pasture converted to 3-methylindole causing necrosis of bronchiolar cells and type 1 pneumocytes
When does Fog Fever commonly occur
When cattle abruptly start grazing lush pastures after being on dry lot or poor quality pasture
Lesions of Fog Fever
Alveolar and interstitial edema
Interlobular emphysema
**caudal lobes – expanded, pale, rubbery
What can be fed to help prevent Fog Fever
Feed ionophores (changes VFA to Proprionic acid reducing 3-methylindole)
What is in moldy sweet potatoes that can cause Fog Fever
4-ipomeanol – fungus fusarium solani
