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Year 10 Agriculture > Bovine Reproduction: AI > Flashcards

Bovine Reproduction: AI Flashcards

1
Q

What behaviour’s indicate that a cow is on heat?

A
  • Cow smells another cow
  • Cow tries to mount another cow
  • Rests her chin on the rumps of other cows
  • Bawls frequently
  • Will stand to be mounted
  • Frequent urination
  • Restless and may leave calf
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2
Q

What is a liquid nitrogen unit?

A

A hollow-walled nonpressurised vacuum flask, generally of aluminum, used to hold semen in liquid nitrogen at -196°C

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3
Q

What is a canister?

A

A removable metal holder with a long, hooked handle, in which semen straws are held. The canister can be lifted by the handle into the neck of the liquid nitrogen unit, to allow access to the semen

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4
Q

What are goblets?

A

Plastic containers, slightly shorter in length than the semen straw, which can be used to store semen straws from different bulls separately in each canister

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5
Q

What is a semen straw?

A

A straw that contains one cow-dose of semen, either 0.5 mL in volume (medium straw) or 0.25 mL in volume (mini straw, the thinner of the two)

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6
Q

What is a sheath?

A

A fairly thin plastic that protects contamination between cows when using the same AI gun

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7
Q

What is a locking ring?

A

A ring that holds the sheath in place

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8
Q

What is a plunger?

A

A long piece that pushes the semen out of the semen straw

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9
Q

What is a syringe (gun)?

A

A piece of material that is used for AI

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10
Q

What are the advantages of AI?

A
  • The widespread use of superior sires can be achieved.
  • A.I. allows for accurate sire selection.
  • Venereal diseases are eradicated through A.I.
  • You can introduce new blood lines from overseas.
  • You can cross breed easily without the expense of purchasing many bulls.
  • A.I. is safer than keeping dairy bulls as they can be very aggressive.
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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of AI?

A
  • The procedure needs to be undertaken by qualified A.I. technicians, which can be expensive.
  • A.I. is more labour intensive due to heat detection.
  • Lower conception rates can occur if incorrect insemination technique occurs.
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12
Q

How does hygiene affect semen viability?

A

When hygiene is maintained there is less chance of infection which means increased chance of semen viability

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13
Q

What precautions are necessary to maintain hygiene?

A

• Always keep fingernails short
• Use a new sheath for each insemination
• Wash hands thoroughly
• Avoid all dirty surfaces
• Avoid inseminating too deeply and using excessive jabbing. This will cause either irritation or injury which could allow infection to occur.
• Avoid touching vulva with locking ring or spare hand
• Dismantle soiled gun and wash in soapy water dip in methylated sprits and sterilise before use
« Direct sunlight, dust and dirt, soap, water, blood, rough handling and temperature variation (refreezing) all damage semen
• Pre cool tweezers
• Do not rush entry, as rough handling of the cow will cause the release of adrenalin which can affect conception rates.
• Edges of vulva should be clean to ensure clean entry
• Clean all equipment scissors, gun etc after each use

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14
Q

What is the 1st process for loading the AI gun?

A

From your semen stock records locate the correct canister.

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15
Q

What is the 2nd process for loading the AI gun?

A

Never load more guns than the number of cows you can inseminate within half an hour of thawing out the semen.

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16
Q

What is the 3rd process for loading the AI gun?

A

Lift the canister handle from its slot and place it directly across the neck of the liquid nitrogen unit and lift the canister into the neck to no higher than the frost line (about 5 to 6 cm below the top of the neck).

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17
Q

What is the 4th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Use precooled tweezers to grasp the laboratory end of the straw. Check the straw identification before removing it for thawing.

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18
Q

What is the 5th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Holding the straw firmly with the tongs remove the correct straw and shake it two or three times to remove excess liquid nitrogen from the manufacturing end of the straw. (This reduces the chance of explosion or splitting of the straw.)

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19
Q

What is the 6th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Thaw out the semen in water between 32° and no higher than 38°C for at least 30 seconds. Use a thermometer to check that water temperature is correct. The water level should be 2.5 cm below the tip of the straw to prevent water entering the top of the
straw.

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20
Q

What is the 7th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Wipe scissors blades clean and withdraw the plunger on the gun by about 10 cm.

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21
Q

What is the 8th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Remove the straw from the water, and wipe water off it using towel or paper.

22
Q

What is the 9th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Roll the manufacturing end of the straw between your fingers to loosen the manufacturing end.

23
Q

What is the 10th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Insert the straw into the gun manufacturing end first (laboratory end uppermost). Tap the straw home in the gun. When working outside in hot weather where the gun could become overheated, check the temperature of the gun by holding it against your lips. If it burns your lips the gun should be cooled down. Keep your gun out of direct sunlight when not in use.

24
Q

What is the 11th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Cut the laboratory end of the straw squarely through the air bubble immediately below the laboratory plug, or crimped end of the straw. Scissors must be sharp to cut straw cleanly and squarely, to ensure a good seal between the sheath and the straw, and to avoid ‘backflow’ and loss of semen.

25
Q

What is the 12th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Remove the sheath from its protective container and holding it by the ‘split end’ slide it over the barrel of the gun, making sure that the white locking ring is loose. This allows the sheath to slide easily up on to the tapered end of the gun.

26
Q

What is the 13th process for loading the AI gun?

A

After checking that the semen straw is firmly slotted in the green tapered end, pull the locking ring firmly onto the tapered section of the gun with a twist. This will lock the sheath in position. Before ‘locking’ make sure there is no gap between the sheath (green end) and the straw. This will avoid backflow of semen down the side of the gun (which is more likely to occur with the 0.5 mL straw).

27
Q

What is the 14th process for loading the AI gun?

A

To ensure the gun is working gently, ease the plunger forward until semen appears at the tip of the gun.

28
Q

What is the 15th process for loading the AI gun?

A

After inseminating, holding the gun upright, loosen the locking ring -do not allow the ring to slide onto the dirty sheath. Slide the sheath and straw off the barrel.

29
Q

What is the 16th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Recheck the name and identification of the bull used. Record this information on a breeding chart or in a record book.

30
Q

What is the 17th process for loading the AI gun?

A

Discard the sheath, straw and plastic glove, out of reach of children, dogs and cattle.

31
Q

What is the 1st process for AI?

A

Put a disposable glove on the hand and arm to be inserted i n the rectum. The glove can be held along the length of the arm by tucking it into the upper arm clothing or by attaching it to the clothing with a clothes peg.

32
Q

What is the 2nd process for AI?

A

Apply a small quantity of lubricant to the back of the hand.

33
Q

What is the 3rd process for AI?

A

Carry the loaded gun in your mouth to the cow, making sure that the plunger is not pushed or the tip contaminated. It is important at this stage to make the cow aware of your presence.

34
Q

What is the 4th process for AI?

A

Take the piece of paper used for drying the straw from your pocket with your ungloved hand. With this hand lift the tail, using the paper towel to protect your hand from contamination.

35
Q

What is the 5th process for AI?

A

Smear lubricant from the back of your gloved hand across the anus.

36
Q

What is the 6th process for AI?

A

Form a cone with your fingers and with a firm, twisting, forward motion insert your hand into the rectum. At this stage, pause, and as the anus relaxes ease your arm forward. Avoid rushing or a rough entry which can distress the cow. Any rough handling can upset the cow, causing the release of the hormone adrenalin, which can affect conception rates.

37
Q

What is the 7th process for AI?

A

Thoroughly clean the lips of the vulva with the piece of paper to remove all dirt, urine, faeces and lubricant.

38
Q

What is the 8th process for AI?

A

Press down with the wrist/forearm of the arm in the rectum. This helps part the lips of the vulva to allow a
clean entry of the tip of the gun into vagina.

39
Q

What is the 9th process for AI?

A

Insert the gun through the vulva with the gun tip held higher than the hand. With the vulva lips well apart
the gun can be laid at the entry to the vagina.

40
Q

What is the 10th process for AI?

A

Gently pass the gun forward with the tip still up to miss the bladder entry.

41
Q

What is the 11th process for AI?

A

Move the gun forward until the distinctive “grating” of the gun against the entry, or os, of the cervix is felt. If the tip of the gun is stopped before reaching the cervix, push the cervix away from you towards the cow’s head. This will straighten out any folds in the vagina and allow the gun to move forward.

42
Q

What is the 12th process for AI?

A

Pressing downward, locate the cervix with the gloved hand through the wall of the rectum t hread the gun through the three muscular rings that make up the length of the cerv ix. The cervical rings are not necessarily in alignment - the cervical canal may be somewhat twisted, so the technique of A.I. is more one of threading the cervical rings onto the gun than the reverse.

43
Q

What is the 13th process for AI?

A

While passing the gun through the cervix, locate the forward end of the cervix with the gloved middle or index finger. Gently push the gun as far as this finger, where the gun outline will be felt more distinctly through the thinner wall of the body of the uterus. Great care must be taken not to push the Kun any further
or exert too much pressure on the delicate walls of the uterus with the gloved hand. Free movement of the gun indicates that it is through the cervix.

44
Q

What is the 14th process for AI?

A

1t. Slowly deposit two-thirds of the semen in this position (body of the uterus); then withdraw the gun slightly to deposit the remainder in the further end of the cervical canal. As some cows, even though they are pregnant, may still cycle at 3 or 6 week intervals, it is advisable when inseminating ‘repeat’ cows to place all semen in deep cervix rather than in the uterus, to avoid
damage to a possible developing embryo.

45
Q

What is the 15th process for AI?

A

Never ‘spit’ the semen out or withdraw the gun too rapidly: these can reduce chances of conception.

46
Q

What is the 16th process for AI?

A

Gently and slowly push the plunger and deposit two thirds of the semen in the uterus. Withdraw the gun until the tip is about 1 cm back from the uterus and deposit the rest of the semen in the cervix (sometimes complete penetration of the cervix is not possible -
the cow may even be pregnant. Do not use force and deposit the semen at this point).

47
Q

What is the 17th process for AI?

A

Slowly remove the gun from the cervix and vagina. Taking it out too quickly can suck semen back from the cervix into the vagina.

48
Q

What is the 18th process for AI?

A

Slowly withdraw the arm from the rectum of the cow.

49
Q

What is the 19th process for AI?

A

Loosen the locking ring on the gun and remove the soiled sheath (the empty straw should be inside it) with the gloved hand. Gun through cervix.

50
Q

What is the 20th process for AI?

A

Remove the glove by pulling the top down and turning it inside out. In this way the soiled surface of the glove and the used sheath are on the inside of the glove. The exposed surface is clean.

51
Q

What is the 21st process for AI?

A

Dispose of glove, sheath, straw and paper towel.

Year 10 Agriculture (13 decks)

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