Bovine Non Infectious Disease Flashcards
1
Q
disease:
Clinical signs: Absent and off feed
Can lead to ketosis
A
Fatty Liver disease
2
Q
what body score should cows enter the dry period at
A
3 to 3.5
3
Q
cause of fatty liver disease
A
over conditioned at parturition
4
Q
treatment for fatty liver disease
A
IV glucose solution
5
Q
disease:
Clinical signs: Decreased milk production and fecal output, increased rectal temperature, normal or slightly elevated heart rate, dehydration, rapid and shallow respiration, walk with arched back, and grunting
A
Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (Hardware disease)
6
Q
another name for Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
A
Hardware disease
7
Q
cause of Hardware disease
A
consumption of a foreign body
8
Q
secondary results of Hardware disease
A
pericarditis
perforated diaphragm
9
Q
treatment for Hardware disease
A
surgical removal
antibiotics
administer magnet
10
Q
how can Hardware disease be prevented
A
administering a magnet
11
Q
A
Hardware disease
12
Q
disease:
Clinical signs: Sternal or lateral recumbency, muscle twitching, tachycardia, “S” shape to the neck, head resting on the hindquarters, hyperexcitable, ataxic, head bobbing, shuffling of feet, cold extremities, bloat, GI stasis, and lack of defecation
A
Hypocalcemia
13
Q
another name for Hypocalcemia
A
Milk Fever
14
Q
cause of Milk Fever
A
low calcium
15
Q
treatment for Milk Fever
A
IV calcium
16
Q
disease:
Clinical signs: Convulsions, stiffness, hyperexcitability, dilated pupils, frothing at the mouth, muscle spasms, and death
A
Hypomagnesemic Tetany
17
Q
another name for Hypomagnesemic Tetany
A
Grass Tetany
18
Q
cause of Grass Tetany
A
low magnesium levels
19
Q
three things that can cause low magnesium levels
A
silage
lush grass
post partrition
20
Q
two ways to treat Grass Tetany
A
sedation to control convulsions
magnesium and calcium
21
Q
what is often a component of Grass Tetany
A
hypocalcemia
22
Q
A
Grass Tetany
23
Q
another name for Intersexuality
A
Freemartin
24
Q
what percentage of female with male twin have Freemartion
A
92%
25
disease:
Abnormal internal genitalia = sterile
Freemartin
26
what does measuring the vaginal length of a female with a male twin confirm
the absence of a cervix
27
treatment for Freemartin
slaughter
28
culling
slaughtering
29
Free Martin Probe
30
what vaginal length do Freemartins usually have
shorter than normal
31
disease:
Clinical signs: Weight loss, depression, arched back, decreased milk production, sweet smelling breath, constipation, and nervous licking or biting the body and surroundings
ketosis
32
cause of ketosis
going off feed/usually with fatty liver
33
what does going off feed mean
loss of appetite, not eating
34
when does ketosis affect cattle
6 weeks after parturition
35
three ways to diagnose ketosis
clinical signs
Rothera's test
urine ketone sticks
36
what is the Rothera's test for ketosis performed on
milk - is more accurate
37
two treatments for ketosis
IV glucose
Oral Propylene glycol
38
Four kinds of lameness in cattle
Corkscrew claw
Scissor claw
Slipper foot
Laminitis (founder)
39
what claw does Corkscrew claw usually effect
lateral claw of hind feet
40
what happens to the claws in Scissor claw
one crosses over the top of the other
41
squared off toe
slipper foot
42
one additional cause of laminitis in cattle
lactic acidosis
43
Corkscrew claw
44
Scissor claw
45
disease:
Clinical signs: Going off feed, decreased milk production, decreased fecal output, and sprung rib cage
Displaced Abomasum
Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA)
Right Displaced Abomasum (RDA)
46
what causes displaced abomasum
Abomasum moving from its normal position – left or right
47
when does 80% of displaced abomasum usually happen
after parturition
48
which side is usually twisted in displaced abomasum
right side
49
what characteristic of displaced abomasum usually heard when auscultating the abdomen
ping
50
two treatment options for displaced abomasum
surgical replacement
roll and tack
51
which sides can surgical replacement be used on for displaced abomasum
both sides
52
which sides can roll and tack be used on for displaced abomasum
left side
53
disease:
Clinical signs: Depression, head pressing, ataxia, cortical blindness, tremors, tetany, opisthotonos, convulsions, and paddling
polioencephalomalacia (PEM)
54
primary cause of PEM
thiamine deficiency
55
two other causes of PEM
feeding dietary urinary acidifiers
sulfur toxicity (wet corn gluten)
56
primary treatment for PCM
IV thiamine HCl
57
two other treatments for PCM
diuretics
dexamethasone
58
mortality rate of PCM
50%
59
PCM
60
Protrusion of an organ through an opening
prolapse
61
three kinds of prolapse
vagina
uterus
rectum
62
most common cause of prolapse
forced delivery
63
five other causes of prolapse (besides forced delivery)
Straining, constipation, and diarrhea
Breeding injury
Urogenital defects
Coughing
Excessive pelvic fat
64
when does vaginal prolapse usually happen
last 2-3 weeks of gestation
65
which kind of cattle have more vaginal prolapse
beef cattle
66
four things needed for vaginal prolapse treatment
epidural
salt or sugar to draw out fluid from exposed tissue
lubricant
Buhner needle
67
what is done with the Buhner needle to fix vaginal prolapse
purse string with umbilical tape
68
what do you need to watch for when fixing vaginal prolapse
parturition - so that you can remove the umbilical tape
69
how to fix a vaginal prolapse
70
when does uterine prolapse happen
immediately after calving
71
which prolapse is life threatening
uterine prolapse
72
how is uterine prolapse treated
the same as vaginal
73
what can help with uterine involution in uterine prolapse
oxytocin
74
shrinkage of a an organ
involution
75
what can rectal prolapse be associated with
uterine and vaginal prolapse
76
how much of an opening should be left with rectal prolapse
1.5 to 2 finger opening
77
how is rectal prolapse fixed
purse string suture
78
when is retained placenta more common in cattle
gradually released placentomes
79
four things for treatment of infection with retained placenta
antibiotics
oxytocin
prostaglandins
uterine bolus
80
disease:
Clinical signs: Swollen, tender joints, enlargement of the epiphysis, bowed limbs, stiffness, beads on the ribs, and arched back
rickets
81
cause of rickets
improper bone calcification
82
three things that contribute to rickets
lack of calcium, phosphorous, or vitamin D
abnormal calcium phosphorous ratios
Young animals
83
treatment for rickets
diet
84
what is fluid ruminal distension also know as
splashy rumen
85
what is gas ruminal distension also known as
bloat
86
where does fluid (splashy) ruminal distention happen
lower left side
87
where does bloat ruminal distention happen
upper left side
88
three causes for ruminal distension
dietary
mechanical
motility dysfunction
89
ruminal distension cause:
inadequate roughage, Grain overload, FB, Toxin
dietary
90
ruminal distension cause:
lack of eructation or outflow
mechanical
91
ruminal distension cause:
vagal nerve, secondary hypomotility
motility dysfunction
92
what happens to be rumen in motility dysfunction
the rumen won't empty
93
what kind of distension is dietary
splashy
94
what kind of distension is mechanical
bloat and splashy
95
what kind of distension is motility dysfunction
bloat and splashy
96
what will you hear when you auscultate for ruminal distension
hypomotility or complete lack of sounds
possibly a ping
97
what other disease may the ping represent, so you the ping isn't specific to bloat
LDA (displaced abomasum)
98
two kinds of bloat
free
frothy
99
what causes free bloat
lack of eructation (burping)
100
cause of frothy bloat
legume pastures > soluble proteins produce bubbles
101
what can be used to differentiate ruminal distension
stomach tube
102
how can a stomach tube treat ruminal distension
it can relieve free gas
103
used to release gas by screwing into rumen
trocharization
104
tool used for trocharization
Buff Rumen Screw
105
treatment for chronic bloat
Rumen Fistula (surgical rumenonstomy)
106
Rumen Fistula
107
what can be used to relieve frothy bloat
surfactants
108
how are surfactants delivered
through trocar or stomach tube
109
disease:
Clinical signs: Stranguria, dysuria, frequent posturing to urinate, swishing of the tail, hematuria, and abdominal pain
urolithiasis (Water Belly)
110
another name for urolithiasis
Water Belly
111
cause of Water Belly
formation of urinary stones, obstruction
112
contributing factors to Water Belly
low roughage - high grain
feedlot and show animals
113
two things that can happen to the urinary tract with Water Belly
plugged sigmoid flexure
ruptured urethra/bladder
114
three ways to diagnose Water Belly
rectal exam
sq urine
blood work
115
three treatments for Water Belly
Catheter placement
Tube Cystotomy
Perineal Urethrotomy
116
Perineal Urethrotomy has high incidents of what
urine scald (because they don't pee correctly anymore)
117
disease:
Clinical signs: Uncoordinated movement, lameness, paralysis of the hindlimbs, dyspnea, sudden death, Flying scapula
white muscle disease
118
cause for white muscle disease
Vitamin E or selenium deficiency
119
treatment for white muscle disease
vitamin E and selenium injections
120
three preventions for parasites
Ivermectin
Fenbendazole
Levamasole
