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Large Animal Disease - Bovine > Bovine Non Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Bovine Non Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Absent and off feed
Can lead to ketosis

A

Fatty Liver disease

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2
Q

what body score should cows enter the dry period at

A

3 to 3.5

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3
Q

cause of fatty liver disease

A

over conditioned at parturition

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4
Q

treatment for fatty liver disease

A

IV glucose solution

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5
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Decreased milk production and fecal output, increased rectal temperature, normal or slightly elevated heart rate, dehydration, rapid and shallow respiration, walk with arched back, and grunting

A

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (Hardware disease)

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6
Q

another name for Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis

A

Hardware disease

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7
Q

cause of Hardware disease

A

consumption of a foreign body

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8
Q

secondary results of Hardware disease

A

pericarditis
perforated diaphragm

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9
Q

treatment for Hardware disease

A

surgical removal
antibiotics
administer magnet

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10
Q

how can Hardware disease be prevented

A

administering a magnet

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11
Q
A

Hardware disease

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12
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Sternal or lateral recumbency, muscle twitching, tachycardia, “S” shape to the neck, head resting on the hindquarters, hyperexcitable, ataxic, head bobbing, shuffling of feet, cold extremities, bloat, GI stasis, and lack of defecation

A

Hypocalcemia

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13
Q

another name for Hypocalcemia

A

Milk Fever

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14
Q

cause of Milk Fever

A

low calcium

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15
Q

treatment for Milk Fever

A

IV calcium

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16
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Convulsions, stiffness, hyperexcitability, dilated pupils, frothing at the mouth, muscle spasms, and death

A

Hypomagnesemic Tetany

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17
Q

another name for Hypomagnesemic Tetany

A

Grass Tetany

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18
Q

cause of Grass Tetany

A

low magnesium levels

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19
Q

three things that can cause low magnesium levels

A

silage
lush grass
post partrition

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20
Q

two ways to treat Grass Tetany

A

sedation to control convulsions
magnesium and calcium

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21
Q

what is often a component of Grass Tetany

A

hypocalcemia

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22
Q
A

Grass Tetany

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23
Q

another name for Intersexuality

A

Freemartin

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24
Q

what percentage of female with male twin have Freemartion

A

92%

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25
Q

disease:

Abnormal internal genitalia = sterile

A

Freemartin

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26
Q

what does measuring the vaginal length of a female with a male twin confirm

A

the absence of a cervix

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27
Q

treatment for Freemartin

A

slaughter

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28
Q

culling

A

slaughtering

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29
Q
A

Free Martin Probe

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30
Q

what vaginal length do Freemartins usually have

A

shorter than normal

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31
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Weight loss, depression, arched back, decreased milk production, sweet smelling breath, constipation, and nervous licking or biting the body and surroundings

A

ketosis

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32
Q

cause of ketosis

A

going off feed/usually with fatty liver

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33
Q

what does going off feed mean

A

loss of appetite, not eating

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34
Q

when does ketosis affect cattle

A

6 weeks after parturition

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35
Q

three ways to diagnose ketosis

A

clinical signs
Rothera’s test
urine ketone sticks

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36
Q

what is the Rothera’s test for ketosis performed on

A

milk - is more accurate

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37
Q

two treatments for ketosis

A

IV glucose
Oral Propylene glycol

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38
Q

Four kinds of lameness in cattle

A

Corkscrew claw
Scissor claw
Slipper foot
Laminitis (founder)

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39
Q

what claw does Corkscrew claw usually effect

A

lateral claw of hind feet

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40
Q

what happens to the claws in Scissor claw

A

one crosses over the top of the other

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41
Q

squared off toe

A

slipper foot

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42
Q

one additional cause of laminitis in cattle

A

lactic acidosis

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43
Q
A

Corkscrew claw

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44
Q
A

Scissor claw

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45
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Going off feed, decreased milk production, decreased fecal output, and sprung rib cage

A

Displaced Abomasum

Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA)
Right Displaced Abomasum (RDA)

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46
Q

what causes displaced abomasum

A

Abomasum moving from its normal position – left or right

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47
Q

when does 80% of displaced abomasum usually happen

A

after parturition

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48
Q

which side is usually twisted in displaced abomasum

A

right side

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49
Q

what characteristic of displaced abomasum usually heard when auscultating the abdomen

A

ping

50
Q

two treatment options for displaced abomasum

A

surgical replacement
roll and tack

51
Q

which sides can surgical replacement be used on for displaced abomasum

A

both sides

52
Q

which sides can roll and tack be used on for displaced abomasum

A

left side

53
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Depression, head pressing, ataxia, cortical blindness, tremors, tetany, opisthotonos, convulsions, and paddling

A

polioencephalomalacia (PEM)

54
Q

primary cause of PEM

A

thiamine deficiency

55
Q

two other causes of PEM

A

feeding dietary urinary acidifiers
sulfur toxicity (wet corn gluten)

56
Q

primary treatment for PCM

A

IV thiamine HCl

57
Q

two other treatments for PCM

A

diuretics
dexamethasone

58
Q

mortality rate of PCM

A

50%

59
Q
A

PCM

60
Q

Protrusion of an organ through an opening

A

prolapse

61
Q

three kinds of prolapse

A

vagina
uterus
rectum

62
Q

most common cause of prolapse

A

forced delivery

63
Q

five other causes of prolapse (besides forced delivery)

A

Straining, constipation, and diarrhea
Breeding injury
Urogenital defects
Coughing
Excessive pelvic fat

64
Q

when does vaginal prolapse usually happen

A

last 2-3 weeks of gestation

65
Q

which kind of cattle have more vaginal prolapse

A

beef cattle

66
Q

four things needed for vaginal prolapse treatment

A

epidural
salt or sugar to draw out fluid from exposed tissue
lubricant
Buhner needle

67
Q

what is done with the Buhner needle to fix vaginal prolapse

A

purse string with umbilical tape

68
Q

what do you need to watch for when fixing vaginal prolapse

A

parturition - so that you can remove the umbilical tape

69
Q
A

how to fix a vaginal prolapse

70
Q

when does uterine prolapse happen

A

immediately after calving

71
Q

which prolapse is life threatening

A

uterine prolapse

72
Q

how is uterine prolapse treated

A

the same as vaginal

73
Q

what can help with uterine involution in uterine prolapse

A

oxytocin

74
Q

shrinkage of a an organ

A

involution

75
Q

what can rectal prolapse be associated with

A

uterine and vaginal prolapse

76
Q

how much of an opening should be left with rectal prolapse

A

1.5 to 2 finger opening

77
Q

how is rectal prolapse fixed

A

purse string suture

78
Q

when is retained placenta more common in cattle

A

gradually released placentomes

79
Q

four things for treatment of infection with retained placenta

A

antibiotics
oxytocin
prostaglandins
uterine bolus

80
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Swollen, tender joints, enlargement of the epiphysis, bowed limbs, stiffness, beads on the ribs, and arched back

A

rickets

81
Q

cause of rickets

A

improper bone calcification

82
Q

three things that contribute to rickets

A

lack of calcium, phosphorous, or vitamin D
abnormal calcium phosphorous ratios
Young animals

83
Q

treatment for rickets

A

diet

84
Q

what is fluid ruminal distension also know as

A

splashy rumen

85
Q

what is gas ruminal distension also known as

A

bloat

86
Q

where does fluid (splashy) ruminal distention happen

A

lower left side

87
Q

where does bloat ruminal distention happen

A

upper left side

88
Q

three causes for ruminal distension

A

dietary
mechanical
motility dysfunction

89
Q

ruminal distension cause:

inadequate roughage, Grain overload, FB, Toxin

A

dietary

90
Q

ruminal distension cause:

lack of eructation or outflow

A

mechanical

91
Q

ruminal distension cause:

vagal nerve, secondary hypomotility

A

motility dysfunction

92
Q

what happens to be rumen in motility dysfunction

A

the rumen won’t empty

93
Q

what kind of distension is dietary

A

splashy

94
Q

what kind of distension is mechanical

A

bloat and splashy

95
Q

what kind of distension is motility dysfunction

A

bloat and splashy

96
Q

what will you hear when you auscultate for ruminal distension

A

hypomotility or complete lack of sounds
possibly a ping

97
Q

what other disease may the ping represent, so you the ping isn’t specific to bloat

A

LDA (displaced abomasum)

98
Q

two kinds of bloat

A

free
frothy

99
Q

what causes free bloat

A

lack of eructation (burping)

100
Q

cause of frothy bloat

A

legume pastures > soluble proteins produce bubbles

101
Q

what can be used to differentiate ruminal distension

A

stomach tube

102
Q

how can a stomach tube treat ruminal distension

A

it can relieve free gas

103
Q

used to release gas by screwing into rumen

A

trocharization

104
Q

tool used for trocharization

A

Buff Rumen Screw

105
Q

treatment for chronic bloat

A

Rumen Fistula (surgical rumenonstomy)

106
Q
A

Rumen Fistula

107
Q

what can be used to relieve frothy bloat

A

surfactants

108
Q

how are surfactants delivered

A

through trocar or stomach tube

109
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Stranguria, dysuria, frequent posturing to urinate, swishing of the tail, hematuria, and abdominal pain

A

urolithiasis (Water Belly)

110
Q

another name for urolithiasis

A

Water Belly

111
Q

cause of Water Belly

A

formation of urinary stones, obstruction

112
Q

contributing factors to Water Belly

A

low roughage - high grain
feedlot and show animals

113
Q

two things that can happen to the urinary tract with Water Belly

A

plugged sigmoid flexure
ruptured urethra/bladder

114
Q

three ways to diagnose Water Belly

A

rectal exam
sq urine
blood work

115
Q

three treatments for Water Belly

A

Catheter placement
Tube Cystotomy
Perineal Urethrotomy

116
Q

Perineal Urethrotomy has high incidents of what

A

urine scald (because they don’t pee correctly anymore)

117
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Uncoordinated movement, lameness, paralysis of the hindlimbs, dyspnea, sudden death, Flying scapula

A

white muscle disease

118
Q

cause for white muscle disease

A

Vitamin E or selenium deficiency

119
Q

treatment for white muscle disease

A

vitamin E and selenium injections

120
Q

three preventions for parasites

A

Ivermectin
Fenbendazole
Levamasole

Large Animal Disease - Bovine (2 decks)

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