Bovine Non Infectious Disease Flashcards
disease:
Clinical signs: Absent and off feed
Can lead to ketosis
Fatty Liver disease
what body score should cows enter the dry period at
3 to 3.5
cause of fatty liver disease
over conditioned at parturition
treatment for fatty liver disease
IV glucose solution
disease:
Clinical signs: Decreased milk production and fecal output, increased rectal temperature, normal or slightly elevated heart rate, dehydration, rapid and shallow respiration, walk with arched back, and grunting
Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (Hardware disease)
another name for Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
Hardware disease
cause of Hardware disease
consumption of a foreign body
secondary results of Hardware disease
pericarditis
perforated diaphragm
treatment for Hardware disease
surgical removal
antibiotics
administer magnet
how can Hardware disease be prevented
administering a magnet
Hardware disease
disease:
Clinical signs: Sternal or lateral recumbency, muscle twitching, tachycardia, “S” shape to the neck, head resting on the hindquarters, hyperexcitable, ataxic, head bobbing, shuffling of feet, cold extremities, bloat, GI stasis, and lack of defecation
Hypocalcemia
another name for Hypocalcemia
Milk Fever
cause of Milk Fever
low calcium
treatment for Milk Fever
IV calcium
disease:
Clinical signs: Convulsions, stiffness, hyperexcitability, dilated pupils, frothing at the mouth, muscle spasms, and death
Hypomagnesemic Tetany
another name for Hypomagnesemic Tetany
Grass Tetany
cause of Grass Tetany
low magnesium levels
three things that can cause low magnesium levels
silage
lush grass
post partrition
two ways to treat Grass Tetany
sedation to control convulsions
magnesium and calcium
what is often a component of Grass Tetany
hypocalcemia
Grass Tetany
another name for Intersexuality
Freemartin
what percentage of female with male twin have Freemartion
92%
disease:
Abnormal internal genitalia = sterile
Freemartin
what does measuring the vaginal length of a female with a male twin confirm
the absence of a cervix
treatment for Freemartin
slaughter
culling
slaughtering
Free Martin Probe
what vaginal length do Freemartins usually have
shorter than normal
disease:
Clinical signs: Weight loss, depression, arched back, decreased milk production, sweet smelling breath, constipation, and nervous licking or biting the body and surroundings
ketosis
cause of ketosis
going off feed/usually with fatty liver
what does going off feed mean
loss of appetite, not eating
when does ketosis affect cattle
6 weeks after parturition
three ways to diagnose ketosis
clinical signs
Rothera’s test
urine ketone sticks
what is the Rothera’s test for ketosis performed on
milk - is more accurate
two treatments for ketosis
IV glucose
Oral Propylene glycol
Four kinds of lameness in cattle
Corkscrew claw
Scissor claw
Slipper foot
Laminitis (founder)
what claw does Corkscrew claw usually effect
lateral claw of hind feet
what happens to the claws in Scissor claw
one crosses over the top of the other
squared off toe
slipper foot
one additional cause of laminitis in cattle
lactic acidosis
Corkscrew claw
Scissor claw
disease:
Clinical signs: Going off feed, decreased milk production, decreased fecal output, and sprung rib cage
Displaced Abomasum
Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA)
Right Displaced Abomasum (RDA)
what causes displaced abomasum
Abomasum moving from its normal position – left or right
when does 80% of displaced abomasum usually happen
after parturition
which side is usually twisted in displaced abomasum
right side
what characteristic of displaced abomasum usually heard when auscultating the abdomen
ping
two treatment options for displaced abomasum
surgical replacement
roll and tack
which sides can surgical replacement be used on for displaced abomasum
both sides
which sides can roll and tack be used on for displaced abomasum
left side
disease:
Clinical signs: Depression, head pressing, ataxia, cortical blindness, tremors, tetany, opisthotonos, convulsions, and paddling
polioencephalomalacia (PEM)
primary cause of PEM
thiamine deficiency
two other causes of PEM
feeding dietary urinary acidifiers
sulfur toxicity (wet corn gluten)
primary treatment for PCM
IV thiamine HCl
two other treatments for PCM
diuretics
dexamethasone
mortality rate of PCM
50%
PCM
Protrusion of an organ through an opening
prolapse
three kinds of prolapse
vagina
uterus
rectum
most common cause of prolapse
forced delivery
five other causes of prolapse (besides forced delivery)
Straining, constipation, and diarrhea
Breeding injury
Urogenital defects
Coughing
Excessive pelvic fat
when does vaginal prolapse usually happen
last 2-3 weeks of gestation
which kind of cattle have more vaginal prolapse
beef cattle
four things needed for vaginal prolapse treatment
epidural
salt or sugar to draw out fluid from exposed tissue
lubricant
Buhner needle
what is done with the Buhner needle to fix vaginal prolapse
purse string with umbilical tape
what do you need to watch for when fixing vaginal prolapse
parturition - so that you can remove the umbilical tape
how to fix a vaginal prolapse
when does uterine prolapse happen
immediately after calving
which prolapse is life threatening
uterine prolapse
how is uterine prolapse treated
the same as vaginal
what can help with uterine involution in uterine prolapse
oxytocin
shrinkage of a an organ
involution
what can rectal prolapse be associated with
uterine and vaginal prolapse
how much of an opening should be left with rectal prolapse
1.5 to 2 finger opening
how is rectal prolapse fixed
purse string suture
when is retained placenta more common in cattle
gradually released placentomes
four things for treatment of infection with retained placenta
antibiotics
oxytocin
prostaglandins
uterine bolus
disease:
Clinical signs: Swollen, tender joints, enlargement of the epiphysis, bowed limbs, stiffness, beads on the ribs, and arched back
rickets
cause of rickets
improper bone calcification
three things that contribute to rickets
lack of calcium, phosphorous, or vitamin D
abnormal calcium phosphorous ratios
Young animals
treatment for rickets
diet
what is fluid ruminal distension also know as
splashy rumen
what is gas ruminal distension also known as
bloat
where does fluid (splashy) ruminal distention happen
lower left side
where does bloat ruminal distention happen
upper left side
three causes for ruminal distension
dietary
mechanical
motility dysfunction
ruminal distension cause:
inadequate roughage, Grain overload, FB, Toxin
dietary
ruminal distension cause:
lack of eructation or outflow
mechanical
ruminal distension cause:
vagal nerve, secondary hypomotility
motility dysfunction
what happens to be rumen in motility dysfunction
the rumen won’t empty
what kind of distension is dietary
splashy
what kind of distension is mechanical
bloat and splashy
what kind of distension is motility dysfunction
bloat and splashy
what will you hear when you auscultate for ruminal distension
hypomotility or complete lack of sounds
possibly a ping
what other disease may the ping represent, so you the ping isn’t specific to bloat
LDA (displaced abomasum)
two kinds of bloat
free
frothy
what causes free bloat
lack of eructation (burping)
cause of frothy bloat
legume pastures > soluble proteins produce bubbles
what can be used to differentiate ruminal distension
stomach tube
how can a stomach tube treat ruminal distension
it can relieve free gas
used to release gas by screwing into rumen
trocharization
tool used for trocharization
Buff Rumen Screw
treatment for chronic bloat
Rumen Fistula (surgical rumenonstomy)
Rumen Fistula
what can be used to relieve frothy bloat
surfactants
how are surfactants delivered
through trocar or stomach tube
disease:
Clinical signs: Stranguria, dysuria, frequent posturing to urinate, swishing of the tail, hematuria, and abdominal pain
urolithiasis (Water Belly)
another name for urolithiasis
Water Belly
cause of Water Belly
formation of urinary stones, obstruction
contributing factors to Water Belly
low roughage - high grain
feedlot and show animals
two things that can happen to the urinary tract with Water Belly
plugged sigmoid flexure
ruptured urethra/bladder
three ways to diagnose Water Belly
rectal exam
sq urine
blood work
three treatments for Water Belly
Catheter placement
Tube Cystotomy
Perineal Urethrotomy
Perineal Urethrotomy has high incidents of what
urine scald (because they don’t pee correctly anymore)
disease:
Clinical signs: Uncoordinated movement, lameness, paralysis of the hindlimbs, dyspnea, sudden death, Flying scapula
white muscle disease
cause for white muscle disease
Vitamin E or selenium deficiency
treatment for white muscle disease
vitamin E and selenium injections
three preventions for parasites
Ivermectin
Fenbendazole
Levamasole
