Bovine Infectious Disease Flashcards
1
Q
disease:
Often found dead, ataxia, bleeding from the orifices, dark blood, and blood fails to clot (no rigor)
A
anthrax
2
Q
disease:
Abortion-late term, retained placenta, endometritis, infertility, orchitis, and epididymitis
A
brucellosis
3
Q
when do abortions happen in cows with brucellosis
A
late term
4
Q
what is a clinical sing of Brucellosis in bulls
A
epididymitis
5
Q
how are cows infected with Brucellosis
A
ingesting the infective source (placenta, feedstuffs, fetuses, tissue, milk or uterine discharge)
6
Q
what is another name for Brucellosis
A
Bang disease
7
Q
four diagnostic tests for Brucellosis
A
blood agglutination test
milk ring test
complement fixation (CF) test
Rose Bengal test (rapid screening test)
8
Q
treatment for Brucellosis
A
testing and if positive slaughter
9
Q
when is the only time that female bovine can be vaccinated for Brucellosis
A
4 to 12 months of age
10
Q
what is unique about who can administer the Brucellosis vaccine
A
can only be done by a vet
11
Q
what color is the ear tag that calves get (provided by the government) for Brucellosis vaccine
A
orange
12
Q
two names for the zoonotic form of Brucellosis
A
Undulant fever
Malta fever
13
Q
what is the Brucellosis vaccine often called
A
Bang vaccine
14
Q
disease:
when a cow has an open wound or undergoes bruising, the area provides an anaerobic environment for bacteria to thrive
A
Blackleg
15
Q
How are cows with blackleg often found
A
dead
16
Q
two signs of blackleg upon necrospy
A
necrotic muscle
distinct rancid smell
17
Q
if caught early, how can blackleg be treated
A
penicillin and NSAIDs
18
Q
how can blackleg be prevented
A
vaccine (core)
19
Q
A
Blackleg
20
Q
another name for calf enteritis
A
scours
21
Q
four causative agents of calf enteritis (scours)
A
E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium
Salmonella
22
Q
two clinical signs of calf enteritis (scours)
A
diarrhea and dehydration
23
Q
how can calf enteritis (scours) be prevented
A
make sure the dam is vaccinated so that passive transfer happens
24
Q
A
calf enteritis
25
what kind of environment causes foot rot
wet environment
26
disease:
Lameness, inflammation, swelling, and odor
foot rot
27
what kind of foot baths can help treat foot rot
copper/zinc sulfate
28
foot rot
29
disease:
Slow progression to profuse watery diarrhea and weight loss
Johne's disease
30
Johne's disease is also known as what
paratuberculosis
31
treatment for Johne's disease
none
32
the four stages of Johne's disease
Silent
subclinical
clinical
advance clinical
33
how is Johne's disease diagnosed
upon necropsy
34
how is leptospirosis contracted
contaminated urine
35
disease:
Abortion storms, stillbirths, loss of milk production, septicemia, hemoglobinuria, weak neonates, and reduced fertility
leptospirosis
36
two ways to diagnosis leptospirosis
paired serum samples
histopathology
37
how do the kidneys appear after necropsy from leptospirosis
dark kidneys
38
how can leptospirsos be treated, if caught early
antibiotics
39
how can leptospirosis be prevented
vaccination
40
what is the risk to humans with leptospirosis
it is zoonotic
41
kidneys from Leptospirosis
42
how is listeriosis usually contracted
contaminated silage
43
disease:
Fever, facial nerve paralysis, tongue hanging from mouth, abortions, circling, drooping ears, and blindness
listeriosis
44
how is listeriosis treated
penicillin
NSAIDs
management of silage feeds
45
listeriosis
46
what causes lumpy jaw and wooden tongue
Coarse hay or stick penetration
47
disease:
Clinical signs: Mass formation on the mandible or maxillary jaw or weight loss
lumpy jaw
48
what can cattle not do when they have lumpy jaw
can't eat
49
treatment for lumpy jaw
antibiotics and debridement
usually is not effective!
50
lumpy jaw
51
disease:
Clinical signs: Edematous lesion, gas lesions, weight loss, fever, and toxemia develops
malignant edema
52
what causes malignant edema
superficial contaminated wounds
53
treatment for malignant edema
penicillin and NSAIDs
54
what vaccine is the causative agent clostridium septicum part of
7 way clostridium vaccine
55
malignant edema
56
95% of mastitis causative agents are what two organisms
strep and staph
57
which mastitis organism is easier to treat
strep
58
which mastitis organism is difficult to treat
staph
59
disease:
Clinical signs: Swelling, redness, loss of milk production
mastitis
60
what kind of cells are present in milk samples that indicate mastitis
somatic cells
61
three treatments for mastitis
antibiotics
oxytocin
thorough milk out
62
two classifications of mastitis by symptoms
clinical
subclinical
63
which classification of mastitis is the most costly to the producer
subclinical
64
which classification of mastitis has clinical signs and do not need equipment for testing
clinical
65
which classification of mastitis shows no obvious signs and needs special diagnostic testing
subclinical
66
how is mastitis almost always contracted
ascending through the teat
67
five ways to test for mastitis
strip cup examination
somatic cell count
California mastitis test
Wisconsin mastitis test
culture and sensitivity
68
what kind of milk is placed in the strip cup
first milk
69
four things that the strip cup exam is looking for to indicate mastitis
odor
clumping
blood
flakes
70
what is the only classifications of mastitis that the strip cup exam can be used on
clinical mastitis
71
strip cup
72
Milk cell counter – dye stain & count
somatic cell count
73
what does the California Mastitis test detect in the milk
somatic cells
74
what kind of somatic cells will be found in milk from teats with mastitis
WBCs and sloughed epithelial cells
75
CMT reagent lyses cell and releases what
DNA
76
what happens to the DNA in CMT
it thickens but it is a rapid reaction
77
you start reading the CMT at ____ seconds and you are finished reading it by ______ seconds
10
20-30
78
purple color in CMT
normal (alkaline)
79
yellow color in CMT
abnormal (acidic)
80
what mastitis test is not used for diagnosis but is used for antibiotic sensitivity and bacterial identification
culture and sensitivity
81
what kind of tubes are samples for culture and sensitivity put into
red tops
82
how soon should cultures be ran for mastitis
within 24 hours
83
disease:
Clinical signs: Vaginal discharge, septicemia, endotoxemia, and shock
metritis
84
what causes metritis
retained placenta and dystocias
85
treatment for metritis
antibiotics
infusions
86
what is rarely done to diagnose metritis
uterine biopsy or culture
87
disease:
Clinical signs: Blepharospasm, lacrimation, photophobia, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal opacity and ulceration
pinkeye
88
cause of pinkeye
dry, dusty environment
89
treatment for pinkeye
antibiotics
isolate from healthy animals
90
when should vaccination be done for pink eye
in the spring (keep antibodies high during fly season)
91
disease:
Clinical signs: Depression, low head carriage, wet cough, open-mouth breathing, weight loss, fever, and wheezing
shipping fever
92
what three bacterias make up shipping fever
Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
P. multocida
Haemophilus somnus
93
what is shipping fever also known as
pasteurellosis
94
how is shipping fever treated
antimicrobial therapy and NSAIDs
95
how can shipping fever be prevented
vaccination
96
the bacteria of shipping fever are normal what of the upper respiratory system
normal flora
97
what does the bacteria of shipping fever become overabundant
after stress or viral infection
98
disease:
Clinical signs: Difficult fever, wt. loss, etc.
tuberculosis
99
how is tuberculosis spread
respiratory transmission
milk
100
how is the tuberculosis test done
intradermal in the tail
101
treatment for tuberculosis
slaughter
102
disease:
clinical signs are often absent
extended calving season, irregular estrous cycles, and infertility
vibriosis
103
how is vibriosis transmitted
venereal transmission
104
how is vibriosis diagnosed
culture
105
how can vibriosis be prevented
vaccination
antibiotic treated semen
106
what is the vaccination for vibriosis combined with
lepto
107
disease:
Clinical signs: Abscessation of the tongue and swelling of the ventral jaw
wooden tongue
108
treatment for wooden tongue
antibiotics
109
wooden tongue
110
another name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy
mad cow disease
111
disease:
Clinical signs: Nose licking, teeth grinding, tossing of the head, snorting, exaggerated external stimuli, starring, low head carriage, ataxic, muscle tremors
mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
112
causative agent of mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
prion (abnormal protein)
113
how is mad cow disease contracted
Ingested infected meat and bone meal
114
treatment for mad cow disease
none - very serious and reportable!
115
disease:
Clinical signs: Embryonic death and late-term abortion
trichomoniasis
116
what kind of disease is trichomoniasis
protozoan
117
how is trichomoniasis spread
breeding
118
what can trichomoniasis also survive in
frozen semen
119
treatment for trichomoniasis
separate cows that are greater than 5 months pregnant
slaughter bull and replace with virgin bull
120
disease:
Clinical signs: Fever, anorexia, depression, increased respiratory rates, and nasal and ocular discharge
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
121
treatment for BRSV
treat secondary bacterial infections, and supportive
122
disease:
Clinical signs: Oral erosion and intestinal ulceration, fetal resorption, diarrhea
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
123
how is Bovine Viral Diarrhea spread
fecal, oral, invitro
124
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
125
disease:
Clinical signs: Oral ulcers or lameness
Foot and Mouth disease
126
how is Foot and Mouth disease spread
Air
contact
raw animal byproduct
fomite
semen
127
treatment for Foot and Mouth disease
none
foreign disease - REPORTABLE!
128
Foot and Mouth disease
129
disease:
Clinical signs: Fever, ocular discharge, mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, depression, cough, dyspnea, abortions, encephalitis, and systemic infections
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
130
another name for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Red Nose
131
how is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis transmitted
aerosol
