Bovine Infectious Disease Flashcards
disease:
Often found dead, ataxia, bleeding from the orifices, dark blood, and blood fails to clot (no rigor)
anthrax
disease:
Abortion-late term, retained placenta, endometritis, infertility, orchitis, and epididymitis
brucellosis
when do abortions happen in cows with brucellosis
late term
what is a clinical sing of Brucellosis in bulls
epididymitis
how are cows infected with Brucellosis
ingesting the infective source (placenta, feedstuffs, fetuses, tissue, milk or uterine discharge)
what is another name for Brucellosis
Bang disease
four diagnostic tests for Brucellosis
blood agglutination test
milk ring test
complement fixation (CF) test
Rose Bengal test (rapid screening test)
treatment for Brucellosis
testing and if positive slaughter
when is the only time that female bovine can be vaccinated for Brucellosis
4 to 12 months of age
what is unique about who can administer the Brucellosis vaccine
can only be done by a vet
what color is the ear tag that calves get (provided by the government) for Brucellosis vaccine
orange
two names for the zoonotic form of Brucellosis
Undulant fever
Malta fever
what is the Brucellosis vaccine often called
Bang vaccine
disease:
when a cow has an open wound or undergoes bruising, the area provides an anaerobic environment for bacteria to thrive
Blackleg
How are cows with blackleg often found
dead
two signs of blackleg upon necrospy
necrotic muscle
distinct rancid smell
if caught early, how can blackleg be treated
penicillin and NSAIDs
how can blackleg be prevented
vaccine (core)
Blackleg
another name for calf enteritis
scours
four causative agents of calf enteritis (scours)
E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium
Salmonella
two clinical signs of calf enteritis (scours)
diarrhea and dehydration
how can calf enteritis (scours) be prevented
make sure the dam is vaccinated so that passive transfer happens
calf enteritis
what kind of environment causes foot rot
wet environment
disease:
Lameness, inflammation, swelling, and odor
foot rot
what kind of foot baths can help treat foot rot
copper/zinc sulfate
foot rot
disease:
Slow progression to profuse watery diarrhea and weight loss
Johne’s disease
Johne’s disease is also known as what
paratuberculosis
treatment for Johne’s disease
none
the four stages of Johne’s disease
Silent
subclinical
clinical
advance clinical
how is Johne’s disease diagnosed
upon necropsy
how is leptospirosis contracted
contaminated urine
disease:
Abortion storms, stillbirths, loss of milk production, septicemia, hemoglobinuria, weak neonates, and reduced fertility
leptospirosis
two ways to diagnosis leptospirosis
paired serum samples
histopathology
how do the kidneys appear after necropsy from leptospirosis
dark kidneys
how can leptospirsos be treated, if caught early
antibiotics
how can leptospirosis be prevented
vaccination
what is the risk to humans with leptospirosis
it is zoonotic
kidneys from Leptospirosis
how is listeriosis usually contracted
contaminated silage
disease:
Fever, facial nerve paralysis, tongue hanging from mouth, abortions, circling, drooping ears, and blindness
listeriosis
how is listeriosis treated
penicillin
NSAIDs
management of silage feeds
listeriosis
what causes lumpy jaw and wooden tongue
Coarse hay or stick penetration
disease:
Clinical signs: Mass formation on the mandible or maxillary jaw or weight loss
lumpy jaw
what can cattle not do when they have lumpy jaw
can’t eat
treatment for lumpy jaw
antibiotics and debridement
usually is not effective!
lumpy jaw
disease:
Clinical signs: Edematous lesion, gas lesions, weight loss, fever, and toxemia develops
malignant edema
what causes malignant edema
superficial contaminated wounds
treatment for malignant edema
penicillin and NSAIDs
what vaccine is the causative agent clostridium septicum part of
7 way clostridium vaccine
malignant edema
95% of mastitis causative agents are what two organisms
strep and staph
which mastitis organism is easier to treat
strep
which mastitis organism is difficult to treat
staph
disease:
Clinical signs: Swelling, redness, loss of milk production
mastitis
what kind of cells are present in milk samples that indicate mastitis
somatic cells
three treatments for mastitis
antibiotics
oxytocin
thorough milk out
two classifications of mastitis by symptoms
clinical
subclinical
which classification of mastitis is the most costly to the producer
subclinical
which classification of mastitis has clinical signs and do not need equipment for testing
clinical
which classification of mastitis shows no obvious signs and needs special diagnostic testing
subclinical
how is mastitis almost always contracted
ascending through the teat
five ways to test for mastitis
strip cup examination
somatic cell count
California mastitis test
Wisconsin mastitis test
culture and sensitivity
what kind of milk is placed in the strip cup
first milk
four things that the strip cup exam is looking for to indicate mastitis
odor
clumping
blood
flakes
what is the only classifications of mastitis that the strip cup exam can be used on
clinical mastitis
strip cup
Milk cell counter – dye stain & count
somatic cell count
what does the California Mastitis test detect in the milk
somatic cells
what kind of somatic cells will be found in milk from teats with mastitis
WBCs and sloughed epithelial cells
CMT reagent lyses cell and releases what
DNA
what happens to the DNA in CMT
it thickens but it is a rapid reaction
you start reading the CMT at ____ seconds and you are finished reading it by ______ seconds
10
20-30
purple color in CMT
normal (alkaline)
yellow color in CMT
abnormal (acidic)
what mastitis test is not used for diagnosis but is used for antibiotic sensitivity and bacterial identification
culture and sensitivity
what kind of tubes are samples for culture and sensitivity put into
red tops
how soon should cultures be ran for mastitis
within 24 hours
disease:
Clinical signs: Vaginal discharge, septicemia, endotoxemia, and shock
metritis
what causes metritis
retained placenta and dystocias
treatment for metritis
antibiotics
infusions
what is rarely done to diagnose metritis
uterine biopsy or culture
disease:
Clinical signs: Blepharospasm, lacrimation, photophobia, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal opacity and ulceration
pinkeye
cause of pinkeye
dry, dusty environment
treatment for pinkeye
antibiotics
isolate from healthy animals
when should vaccination be done for pink eye
in the spring (keep antibodies high during fly season)
disease:
Clinical signs: Depression, low head carriage, wet cough, open-mouth breathing, weight loss, fever, and wheezing
shipping fever
what three bacterias make up shipping fever
Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
P. multocida
Haemophilus somnus
what is shipping fever also known as
pasteurellosis
how is shipping fever treated
antimicrobial therapy and NSAIDs
how can shipping fever be prevented
vaccination
the bacteria of shipping fever are normal what of the upper respiratory system
normal flora
what does the bacteria of shipping fever become overabundant
after stress or viral infection
disease:
Clinical signs: Difficult fever, wt. loss, etc.
tuberculosis
how is tuberculosis spread
respiratory transmission
milk
how is the tuberculosis test done
intradermal in the tail
treatment for tuberculosis
slaughter
disease:
clinical signs are often absent
extended calving season, irregular estrous cycles, and infertility
vibriosis
how is vibriosis transmitted
venereal transmission
how is vibriosis diagnosed
culture
how can vibriosis be prevented
vaccination
antibiotic treated semen
what is the vaccination for vibriosis combined with
lepto
disease:
Clinical signs: Abscessation of the tongue and swelling of the ventral jaw
wooden tongue
treatment for wooden tongue
antibiotics
wooden tongue
another name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy
mad cow disease
disease:
Clinical signs: Nose licking, teeth grinding, tossing of the head, snorting, exaggerated external stimuli, starring, low head carriage, ataxic, muscle tremors
mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
causative agent of mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)
prion (abnormal protein)
how is mad cow disease contracted
Ingested infected meat and bone meal
treatment for mad cow disease
none - very serious and reportable!
disease:
Clinical signs: Embryonic death and late-term abortion
trichomoniasis
what kind of disease is trichomoniasis
protozoan
how is trichomoniasis spread
breeding
what can trichomoniasis also survive in
frozen semen
treatment for trichomoniasis
separate cows that are greater than 5 months pregnant
slaughter bull and replace with virgin bull
disease:
Clinical signs: Fever, anorexia, depression, increased respiratory rates, and nasal and ocular discharge
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
treatment for BRSV
treat secondary bacterial infections, and supportive
disease:
Clinical signs: Oral erosion and intestinal ulceration, fetal resorption, diarrhea
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
how is Bovine Viral Diarrhea spread
fecal, oral, invitro
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
disease:
Clinical signs: Oral ulcers or lameness
Foot and Mouth disease
how is Foot and Mouth disease spread
Air
contact
raw animal byproduct
fomite
semen
treatment for Foot and Mouth disease
none
foreign disease - REPORTABLE!
Foot and Mouth disease
disease:
Clinical signs: Fever, ocular discharge, mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, depression, cough, dyspnea, abortions, encephalitis, and systemic infections
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
another name for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Red Nose
how is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis transmitted
aerosol
