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Large Animal Disease - Bovine > Bovine Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Bovine Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

disease:

Often found dead, ataxia, bleeding from the orifices, dark blood, and blood fails to clot (no rigor)

A

anthrax

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2
Q

disease:

Abortion-late term, retained placenta, endometritis, infertility, orchitis, and epididymitis

A

brucellosis

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3
Q

when do abortions happen in cows with brucellosis

A

late term

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4
Q

what is a clinical sing of Brucellosis in bulls

A

epididymitis

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5
Q

how are cows infected with Brucellosis

A

ingesting the infective source (placenta, feedstuffs, fetuses, tissue, milk or uterine discharge)

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6
Q

what is another name for Brucellosis

A

Bang disease

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7
Q

four diagnostic tests for Brucellosis

A

blood agglutination test
milk ring test
complement fixation (CF) test
Rose Bengal test (rapid screening test)

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8
Q

treatment for Brucellosis

A

testing and if positive slaughter

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9
Q

when is the only time that female bovine can be vaccinated for Brucellosis

A

4 to 12 months of age

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10
Q

what is unique about who can administer the Brucellosis vaccine

A

can only be done by a vet

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11
Q

what color is the ear tag that calves get (provided by the government) for Brucellosis vaccine

A

orange

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12
Q

two names for the zoonotic form of Brucellosis

A

Undulant fever
Malta fever

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13
Q

what is the Brucellosis vaccine often called

A

Bang vaccine

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14
Q

disease:

when a cow has an open wound or undergoes bruising, the area provides an anaerobic environment for bacteria to thrive

A

Blackleg

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15
Q

How are cows with blackleg often found

A

dead

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16
Q

two signs of blackleg upon necrospy

A

necrotic muscle
distinct rancid smell

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17
Q

if caught early, how can blackleg be treated

A

penicillin and NSAIDs

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18
Q

how can blackleg be prevented

A

vaccine (core)

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19
Q
A

Blackleg

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20
Q

another name for calf enteritis

A

scours

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21
Q

four causative agents of calf enteritis (scours)

A

E. coli
Clostridium perfringens
Cryptosporidium
Salmonella

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22
Q

two clinical signs of calf enteritis (scours)

A

diarrhea and dehydration

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23
Q

how can calf enteritis (scours) be prevented

A

make sure the dam is vaccinated so that passive transfer happens

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24
Q
A

calf enteritis

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25
Q

what kind of environment causes foot rot

A

wet environment

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26
Q

disease:

Lameness, inflammation, swelling, and odor

A

foot rot

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27
Q

what kind of foot baths can help treat foot rot

A

copper/zinc sulfate

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28
Q
A

foot rot

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29
Q

disease:

Slow progression to profuse watery diarrhea and weight loss

A

Johne’s disease

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30
Q

Johne’s disease is also known as what

A

paratuberculosis

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31
Q

treatment for Johne’s disease

A

none

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32
Q

the four stages of Johne’s disease

A

Silent
subclinical
clinical
advance clinical

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33
Q

how is Johne’s disease diagnosed

A

upon necropsy

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34
Q

how is leptospirosis contracted

A

contaminated urine

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35
Q

disease:

Abortion storms, stillbirths, loss of milk production, septicemia, hemoglobinuria, weak neonates, and reduced fertility

A

leptospirosis

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36
Q

two ways to diagnosis leptospirosis

A

paired serum samples
histopathology

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37
Q

how do the kidneys appear after necropsy from leptospirosis

A

dark kidneys

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38
Q

how can leptospirsos be treated, if caught early

A

antibiotics

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39
Q

how can leptospirosis be prevented

A

vaccination

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40
Q

what is the risk to humans with leptospirosis

A

it is zoonotic

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41
Q
A

kidneys from Leptospirosis

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42
Q

how is listeriosis usually contracted

A

contaminated silage

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43
Q

disease:

Fever, facial nerve paralysis, tongue hanging from mouth, abortions, circling, drooping ears, and blindness

A

listeriosis

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44
Q

how is listeriosis treated

A

penicillin
NSAIDs
management of silage feeds

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45
Q
A

listeriosis

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46
Q

what causes lumpy jaw and wooden tongue

A

Coarse hay or stick penetration

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47
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Mass formation on the mandible or maxillary jaw or weight loss

A

lumpy jaw

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48
Q

what can cattle not do when they have lumpy jaw

A

can’t eat

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49
Q

treatment for lumpy jaw

A

antibiotics and debridement

usually is not effective!

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50
Q
A

lumpy jaw

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51
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Edematous lesion, gas lesions, weight loss, fever, and toxemia develops

A

malignant edema

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52
Q

what causes malignant edema

A

superficial contaminated wounds

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53
Q

treatment for malignant edema

A

penicillin and NSAIDs

54
Q

what vaccine is the causative agent clostridium septicum part of

A

7 way clostridium vaccine

55
Q
A

malignant edema

56
Q

95% of mastitis causative agents are what two organisms

A

strep and staph

57
Q

which mastitis organism is easier to treat

A

strep

58
Q

which mastitis organism is difficult to treat

A

staph

59
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Swelling, redness, loss of milk production

A

mastitis

60
Q

what kind of cells are present in milk samples that indicate mastitis

A

somatic cells

61
Q

three treatments for mastitis

A

antibiotics
oxytocin
thorough milk out

62
Q

two classifications of mastitis by symptoms

A

clinical
subclinical

63
Q

which classification of mastitis is the most costly to the producer

A

subclinical

64
Q

which classification of mastitis has clinical signs and do not need equipment for testing

A

clinical

65
Q

which classification of mastitis shows no obvious signs and needs special diagnostic testing

A

subclinical

66
Q

how is mastitis almost always contracted

A

ascending through the teat

67
Q

five ways to test for mastitis

A

strip cup examination
somatic cell count
California mastitis test
Wisconsin mastitis test
culture and sensitivity

68
Q

what kind of milk is placed in the strip cup

A

first milk

69
Q

four things that the strip cup exam is looking for to indicate mastitis

A

odor
clumping
blood
flakes

70
Q

what is the only classifications of mastitis that the strip cup exam can be used on

A

clinical mastitis

71
Q
A

strip cup

72
Q

Milk cell counter – dye stain & count

A

somatic cell count

73
Q

what does the California Mastitis test detect in the milk

A

somatic cells

74
Q

what kind of somatic cells will be found in milk from teats with mastitis

A

WBCs and sloughed epithelial cells

75
Q

CMT reagent lyses cell and releases what

A

DNA

76
Q

what happens to the DNA in CMT

A

it thickens but it is a rapid reaction

77
Q

you start reading the CMT at ____ seconds and you are finished reading it by ______ seconds

A

10
20-30

78
Q

purple color in CMT

A

normal (alkaline)

79
Q

yellow color in CMT

A

abnormal (acidic)

80
Q

what mastitis test is not used for diagnosis but is used for antibiotic sensitivity and bacterial identification

A

culture and sensitivity

81
Q

what kind of tubes are samples for culture and sensitivity put into

A

red tops

82
Q

how soon should cultures be ran for mastitis

A

within 24 hours

83
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Vaginal discharge, septicemia, endotoxemia, and shock

A

metritis

84
Q

what causes metritis

A

retained placenta and dystocias

85
Q

treatment for metritis

A

antibiotics
infusions

86
Q

what is rarely done to diagnose metritis

A

uterine biopsy or culture

87
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Blepharospasm, lacrimation, photophobia, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal opacity and ulceration

A

pinkeye

88
Q

cause of pinkeye

A

dry, dusty environment

89
Q

treatment for pinkeye

A

antibiotics
isolate from healthy animals

90
Q

when should vaccination be done for pink eye

A

in the spring (keep antibodies high during fly season)

91
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Depression, low head carriage, wet cough, open-mouth breathing, weight loss, fever, and wheezing

A

shipping fever

92
Q

what three bacterias make up shipping fever

A

Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
P. multocida
Haemophilus somnus

93
Q

what is shipping fever also known as

A

pasteurellosis

94
Q

how is shipping fever treated

A

antimicrobial therapy and NSAIDs

95
Q

how can shipping fever be prevented

A

vaccination

96
Q

the bacteria of shipping fever are normal what of the upper respiratory system

A

normal flora

97
Q

what does the bacteria of shipping fever become overabundant

A

after stress or viral infection

98
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Difficult fever, wt. loss, etc.

A

tuberculosis

99
Q

how is tuberculosis spread

A

respiratory transmission
milk

100
Q

how is the tuberculosis test done

A

intradermal in the tail

101
Q

treatment for tuberculosis

A

slaughter

102
Q

disease:

clinical signs are often absent
extended calving season, irregular estrous cycles, and infertility

A

vibriosis

103
Q

how is vibriosis transmitted

A

venereal transmission

104
Q

how is vibriosis diagnosed

A

culture

105
Q

how can vibriosis be prevented

A

vaccination
antibiotic treated semen

106
Q

what is the vaccination for vibriosis combined with

A

lepto

107
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Abscessation of the tongue and swelling of the ventral jaw

A

wooden tongue

108
Q

treatment for wooden tongue

A

antibiotics

109
Q
A

wooden tongue

110
Q

another name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A

mad cow disease

111
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Nose licking, teeth grinding, tossing of the head, snorting, exaggerated external stimuli, starring, low head carriage, ataxic, muscle tremors

A

mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)

112
Q

causative agent of mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)

A

prion (abnormal protein)

113
Q

how is mad cow disease contracted

A

Ingested infected meat and bone meal

114
Q

treatment for mad cow disease

A

none - very serious and reportable!

115
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Embryonic death and late-term abortion

A

trichomoniasis

116
Q

what kind of disease is trichomoniasis

A

protozoan

117
Q

how is trichomoniasis spread

A

breeding

118
Q

what can trichomoniasis also survive in

A

frozen semen

119
Q

treatment for trichomoniasis

A

separate cows that are greater than 5 months pregnant
slaughter bull and replace with virgin bull

120
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Fever, anorexia, depression, increased respiratory rates, and nasal and ocular discharge

A

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

121
Q

treatment for BRSV

A

treat secondary bacterial infections, and supportive

122
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Oral erosion and intestinal ulceration, fetal resorption, diarrhea

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

123
Q

how is Bovine Viral Diarrhea spread

A

fecal, oral, invitro

124
Q
A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea

125
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Oral ulcers or lameness

A

Foot and Mouth disease

126
Q

how is Foot and Mouth disease spread

A

Air
contact
raw animal byproduct
fomite
semen

127
Q

treatment for Foot and Mouth disease

A

none

foreign disease - REPORTABLE!

128
Q
A

Foot and Mouth disease

129
Q

disease:

Clinical signs: Fever, ocular discharge, mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, depression, cough, dyspnea, abortions, encephalitis, and systemic infections

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

130
Q

another name for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

A

Red Nose

131
Q

how is Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis transmitted

A

aerosol

Large Animal Disease - Bovine (2 decks)

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